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Benjamin Franklin– The Autobiography
“The latter I gave the people on the boat… it” – it’s the right thing to do
“...clean-dressed people…” – presenting themselves in proper manner– constructs (standard norms)/labels
“...I fell fast asleep…” – falls asleep, no substance
Satiric point: quakers meeting did nothing for society, sleep was most productive thing to do, therefore, do something meaningful
Religion is inclusive but exclusive to others not part of it
Virtues: temperance, silence, order, resolution, frugality, industry, sincerity, justice, moderation, cleanliness, tranquility, chastity, humility
Somewhat connection to 7 deadly sins: wrath, envy, lust, greed, gluttony, sloth, pride
3. Order– can’t plan for the unknown, others influence ability to be orderly, out of control and power, perfection is impossible
“speckled ax” – rust: superficial blemishes that bother eyes not performance, blade: part that really matters
Patrick Henry– “Give Me Liberty Or Give Me Death!”
Speech to Virginia Convention– speech: concise, clear
7 Rules of Engagement:
1. The enemy seeks to enslave us, make us their subjects
2. Self defense
3. Strong
4. Diplomacy has failed
5. War is inevitable (already happening): “The war is inevitable and let it come!”
6. Illusion of hope– false truth → sacrifice: “...indulge in the illusions of hope.”
7. God is on our side: “There is a just God who presides over the destinies…”
Exigency high
“siren” – allusion, strategic (grabs attention)
Mythology– enchanting song that lures sailors, eventually gets eaten
“Trust it not, sir,... betrayed with a kiss.” – Judas, biblical reference
Rhetoric questions– “But when shall we be stronger?…”
“Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death!”
Thomas Paine (1776–1783) – The American Crisis (Common Sense)
Written from– more time to get to point, imagery
“THESE are the times that try men’s souls…and women” – summer soldier, sunshine patriot
Not easy being soldier in winter
“What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly…”
Panic is good– “Yet panics, in some cases, have…”
Father and son– “…the blood of his children will curse his cowardice…”, “…let it be in my day, that my child may have peace…”
“…cannot be unlocked by trifles…” – virtue #11: tranquility
“Every Tory is a coward; for servile, slavish…” – chain, one snip → domino effect
“…cunning of the fox… violence of the wolf…” – relationship of wolf vs. fox
“Mutual fear is the principal link in the chain of mutual love…”
Henry David Thoreau – Civil Disobedience (1849)
Henry David Thoreau, anti-gov
Problem: government is hollow
“It is a sort of wooden gun to the people themselves” – wooden gun allusion of having power, sets up view of gov
“It does not keep the country free… It does not educate” – calling government an “It”, stands in way of others
“...undue respect for law…” – consequences: loose freedom, individuality, can’t think for themselves
Expediency, hypocrisy, desensitization, veracity–perceived truth
Majority vs. minority– does not equal justice, hard to have individuality to fight direction, can’t blindly follow majority
“patriot” – don’t want to lose anything, afraid, disliked by other people
Moral (right vs. wrong) → immoral (chooses wrong over right) → amoral (lacks morality– doesn't know what they’re doing is wrong)
“rebels” – rebellion essential to progress
Situated perspective– each individual perceives differently, selectively pick out ones we want to follow
Government vs. culture
Mohandas Gandhi – On Nonviolent Resistance (1916)
Government vs. individual
“One way is to smash the head of the man…process.”
Arbitrary laws, constructs
“No clapping is possible without two hands to do it… to make it.” – antithetical unity
Prison = paradise – “Send us to prison and we will live there as in a paradise.”
“...mount the scaffold and we will do so laughing.” – winner, more power
Martin Luther King, Jr. – Letter from Birmingham Jail (1963)
MLK believed in nonviolence– creates necessary tension
Audience– direct, style – allusions, diction
“Apostle Paul” – biblical evidence, allusion, eliminate their reason to discredit him
Injustice– repeats for purpose
“...am here because I was invited here. I am here because I have organizational ties here.”
“Four basic steps” – negotiate yourself, can’t be punished if you already acknowledged the punishment
Self-purification – can I handle it, do I have what it takes?
Economic community, direct action
Just vs. unjust laws
“One who breaks an unjust law must do so openly, … accept the penalty.”
Rebellion essential to progress
White moderate
“Can any law enacted under such circumstances be considered democratically structured?”
“There can be no deep disappointment where there is not deep love.” – paradox
Thermostat vs. thermometer
Thermostat– change to desired, action o be made
Thermometer– analyzing, can’t do anything about it
“My feet is tired, but my soul is at rest.”
Baldwin – The White Man’s Guilt
Absolving, guilt
“…Do not blame me, I was not there. I was did not do it… cotton fields of Mississippi” –domino effect, someone benefited from this situation
Iron Curtain – allusion
“No curtain under heaven is heavier than… The American curtain is color.”
White American vs. Black American
Michael Griffith:
Howard Beach
23-year-old, male, African American
Murdered– group of white males harassed him and his friends: Sandiford, Grimes
Grimes got away unharmed, Sandiford knocked unconscious, Grimes severely beaten, Michael killed by automobile
Bominick Blum (court officer) found innocent– ties to the police
Eleanor Bumpers:
High Bridge
African American, late 60s, 300-pounds– arthritis and diabetes, assumed to be mentally ill
Failed to pay rent (for 5 months)
Got shot in the chest by a shotgun – different articles to how and why
6 officers vs. 1 woman – unreasonable amount of people and equipment
Michael Stewart:
25-year-old, black man
Arrested for graffiti count and possession of marijuana cigarette stub
Arrested → hospital – 32 minutes
Arrived at hospital with coma, handcuffed, legs taped together → death after 2 weeks
Cardiac arrest → spinal damage – police brutality
Civil trial result: “lack of evidence”
Witness afraid to testify
Tawana Brawley:
Black, 15 year old, highschooler
Abducted and raped by law enforcements– evidence covered
Found wrapped in plastic garbage bag
Told the truth and stuck with it despite what others had said
Public Enemy – Fight the Power (1989)
“Got to give us what we want Gotta give us what we need”
“Out freedom of speech is freedom or death”
“People, people we are the same No we are not the same Cause we don’t know the game”
“Mental self defensive fitness”
Make everybody see, in order to fight the powers that be”
Elvis, John Wayne
“Cause Im black and Im proud”
“Most of my heros dont appear on no stamps”
Arthur Miller – On the Shooting of Robert Kennedy
Criticizes America
“...violence in our streets is the violence in our hearts…”
“...we have daily honored violence.”
“We are afraid…”
“Between the promise and its denial-there stands the man with the gun. Between the promise … America.”
American Dream– nightmare?
Elie Wiesel – The America I Love
Praises America– compassion for refugee
Perception– seeing good and bad, more work to do, coexisting (counter) truths → paradox
Buchenwald concentration camp
“...is great not because its economy is flourishing or its army invincible but because…”
“For an individual, as for a nation, to be free is an admirable duty—...”
“Hope for the key…”
Cain and Abel– biblical reference, Cain kills Abel, Adam and Eve
“...America is the strength to overcome cynicism and despair.”