PANCE- Oncology

#1 MC skin CA

basal cell

#2 MC skin CA

squamous cell

Basal cell: Tx

surgical resection

squamous cell: Tx

imiquimod (Aldara)

squamous cell: precursors

actinic keratosis

actinic keratosis: Tx

5-FU cream/liquid or imiquimod 5% cream

Kaposi sarcoma: causes...

CA that causes patches of abnormal cells to grow under the skin

Kaposi sarcoma: where do you find it?

mouth, nose, throat and other organs

Kaposi sarcoma: caused by...

human herpesvirus 8

Kaposi sarcoma: epidemiology

-classic: Mediterranean, Eastern European, Middle Eastern

-Endemic: equatorial Africa

-AIDS-related: mouth

Kaposi sarcoma: Dx

tissue biopsy

Lung CA: small cell vs non small cell- MC?

non-small cell (85%)

-adenomacarcinoma MC of the subtypes

Lung CA: non-small cell subdivisions

-adenocarcinoma (MC)

-squamous cell carcinoma

-large cell carinoma

Lung CA: squamous cell tends to start near...

central bronchus (central chest area)

Lung CA: small cell carcinoma assoc with...

SIADH!!!

-neuroendocrine hormones, paraneoplastic syndrome

Lung CA: mnemonics SCS and LAP for where cancers originate

SCS= Squamous and Small cell originate Centrally

LAP= Large cell and Adenocarcinoma originate Peripherally

mesothelioma: MC type

epitheliod

mesothelioma: how do you Ddx adenocarcinoma from mesothelioma? (marker)

-CEA normal in mesothelioma but elevated in adenocarcinoma

-electron microscopy reveals long microvilli in mesothelioma but short microvilli in adenocarcinoma

mesothelioma: mets pattern different than other lung CA

pattern of nodal metastasis

mesothelioma: assoc to smoking?

NONE!

-vs lung CA

Thyroid CA: what % of nodules are found to be malignant?

5%

Thyroid CA: MC type

papillary

Thyroid CA: Tx

thyroidectomy followed by radioactive iodine

Thyroid CA: medullary CA assoc with...

MEN-2

oral lichen planus: assoc with...

pre malignancy for oral CA

bladder CA: MC type

urothelial carcinoma (formerly known as transitional cell carcinoma)

bladder CA: assoc with infection by what organism?

schistosoma haematobium infection of the bladder

bladder CA: MC sign

painless hematuria

bladder CA: Dx

cystoscopy

Prostate CA: start PSA testing at age...

50

-40yo if AA

Prostate CA: cell type

adenocarcinoma

Prostate CA: MC site for mets

bone

Renal cell CA: tissue of origin

proximal renal tubular epithelium

Renal cell CA: s/sx

-hematuria

-flank pain

-weight loss

Renal cell CA: type of anemia

normochromic, normocytic

Testicular CA: risk factors

-cryptorchidism

-orchitis

Testicular CA: type of tumor

germ cell tumor

Testicular CA: s/sx

painless, swollen, hard testis

Testicular CA: tumor markers

-hCG

-AFP

-LDH

Testicular CA: Dx

-U/S

-CT

-CXR to r/o mets

Wilms tumor: MC clinical presentation

abdominal mass

Wilms tumor: HTN secondary to...

elevated renin levels!!

Leukemias: definitive diagnostic test

bone marrow biopsy

Auer rods seen in...

AML

-Think "A" for Auer and AML

Philadelphia chromosome seen in..

CML

Hodgkin's Dz: Which virus may play a role?

Epstein-Barr virus

Hodgkin's Dz: what type of neoplastic cell?

Reed-Sternberg giant cell

Burkitt lymphoma assoc with...

-90% AIDS cases

-children with the dz often had chronic malaria

-assoc with EBV also

-type of nonHodgkin's lymphoma

any type of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in a post-menopausal female is ____ until proven otherwise

endometrial CA!

endometrial CA: what do you see on U/S?

thickened endometrium

ovarian CA: MC type

epithelial ovarian carcinoma