Gram Positive Bacteria (ch 11)

Cholstridales

All rods - bacillus

Obligate anaerobes (do not need oxygen to survive)

Forms endospores on one end of the cell - lollipop

Disease associated:

Clostridium tetani - causes tetani

Clostridium pafringes - causes a common form of food borne diarrhea

Clostridium Botulinum

Bacillales

Bacillus Anthracis

Aerobic rods or facultative rods

Endospores: central

• can be packaged into a bioweapon

Causes:

• anthrax

Lactobacillales

Lactobacillus Species

Rods

Aero tolerant

Lactic acid producing bacteria

Are used commercially: fermentation when producing foods like pickles, yogurt etc

Important for the health of females

• located in the vagina

  • Changes when a woman is going through puberty

• As estrogen increases staphylobacillus increases

• Pregnancy: the first contact of the new born is the mothers lactobacillus

Staphylococcus

Staphylococcus Aureus

Cocci in grape like clusters

Facultative anaerobic

Causes

• TSS - in tampons

• Food poisoning

Staphylococcus Seprophyticus

Cocci in grape like clusters Facultative anaerobic

Facultative anaerobic

Causes

• UTI

Streptococcus

Most pathogenic

Cocci in chains

Aerotolerant

Streptococcus Mutans

• chains

• Has capsules

• Causes

  • Dental carries

Streptococcus Pyogenus

• chains

• Has m proteins

• Causes

  • Strep throat

  • Scarlet fever

  • Skin diseases

    • Infection to the dermatologist layer

• Produces a green colour

Streptococci Pneumoniae

• diplococci

• Capsule

• Pneumonia; a form of meningitis

• Produces a green colour

Listeria

Listeria monocytogenes

• rods

• Facultative

• Psychotrophs

  • Ex cold cuts, milk, soft cheese

• Grow in phagocytes

• Causes

  • A form of meningitis - listerosia

• Affects pregnant woman

  • A very ill new born

  • Death of a new born

  • Spontaneous miscarriage

Enterococcus

Enterococcus Faecium

• in feces

Enterococcus Faecalis

• in feces

Facultative anaerobic

Adapted to are of the body that are rich in nutrients but low in oxygen - such as vagina, intestines etc

Hardy microbes as they persist contaminants in a hospital environment

• non seminal

  • Ex post surgery, catheter

Mycoplasmatota

Low G+C

Mycoplasma pneumonia

• has no cell wall

• shape: pleomorphic

• Has sterols

• Pliable - hence contamination

• Treatment

  • Tetracycline

High G+C

Mycobacterium

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium Leprae

• aerobic rods

• Contains mycolic acid

• Acid face

• Treatment longer if patient is unwilling to cooperate

• resistant

  • Desiccation

  • Chemicals

Corynebacterium

Corynebacterium Diphtheria

• Rods

• Facultative

• Contains metachromatic granules - store phosphate

• Are pleomorphic

• Causes diphtheria

Propionibacterium

• Rods

• Anaerobes

• Causes

  • Acne

• Derived from the organism ability to form propionic acid