Unit 2 Edapt Introduction to Chemistry

Saltwater, Liquid food coloring, and Bleach: Solutions, Colloidal Suspensions

or Emulsions?

Solutions

Which of the following would you classify as a molecule?

Cu

Fe

N

S2F

S2F

Which of these subatomic particles is found outside of the nucleus of an atom?

Electrons

Nucleons

Neutrons

Protons

Electrons

Which of the following would you classify as a cation?

FeO

OH-

K+

S2-

K+

If we cut a chunk of iron into smaller pieces, is it still iron no matter how small the pieces are?

Yes, an atom of iron would be iron no matter how small the pieces became.

No, the pieces would eventually not be iron at a key point.

Yes

Charge is +1

Determines Atomic Number

Proton

Charge is 0

When added to number of protons, it equals the mass number

Neutron

Charge is -1

Resides outside of the nucleus

Least massive of the subatomic particles

Electron

A molecule with 14 total electrons and 12 total protons

-2

An atom with 55 protons and 54 electrons

+1

An atom with 12 protons and 10 electrons

+2

A molecule with 76 electrons and 73 protons

-3

Which of the following would be a molecule?

Li

C

Mg

CuO

CuO

An atom has a mass number of 48 and 22 neutrons. How many protons would this atom have?

48 protons

26 protons

22 protons

70 protons

26 protons

Select all the terms we could use to describe an Al atom with a charge of +3. Select all that apply.

Cation

Ion

Molecule

Anion

Cation

Ion

If I had an ion with 26 protons, and 28 neutrons, and 27 electrons, what would be the charge of this ion?

+2

+1

-1

-2

-1

Which of the following compounds would you expect to be an electrolyte?

CH4

N2

H2O

O2

KCI

KCI

An ion has 26 protons, 28 neutrons, and 24 electrons. Which element is this ion?

Fe

Cr

Ni

Mg

Xe

Fe

Which of the following terms would you use to describe Mg2+. Select all that apply.

Ion

Subatomic particle

Molecule

Element

Ion Element

What subatomic particle is transferred or shared to make chemical bonds?

Neutrons

Electrons

Protons

Isotopes

Electrons

What is the name of the bonding type that involves the sharing of electrons?​

Hydrogen bonding

Metallic bonding

Covalent bonding

Ionic bonding

Covalent bonding

This type of intermolecular bond is key to how water molecules interreact with each other:​

Hydrogen bonding

Metallic bonding

Covalent bonding

Ionic bonding

Hydrogen bonding

Covalent or Ionic?

Cl2O7

SO

C2H2

OBr2

NH3

Covalent

Covalent or Ionic?

Na3N

Mg3N2

Cu2S

K2O

Ionic

Which of the compounds below would you expect to form a covalent bond? Select all that apply.

K2S

CBr4

H2O

MgO

CBr4

H2O

In this type of bonds electrons are shared

Ionic bond

Hydrogen bond

Covalent bond

Metallic Bond

Covalent bond

Which of the following elements would you expect to donate or lose electrons when forming an ionic bond?

Fe

N

F

Cl

Fe

A sodium atom combines with a fluoride atom. I would describe this bond as:

Ionic

Polar covalent

Nonpolar covalent

Hydrogen Bond

Ionic

Hydrogen bonds are a type of:

Ionic Bond

Covalent bond

Intermolecular bond

Metallic bond

Intermolecular

Which of the following solutions would you consider acidic?

pH 7

pH 4

pH 8

pH 10

pH 4

If you were to dissolve 2.5 grams of NaCl in 150 g of water, I would call the NaCl the:

mixture

solution

solute

solvent

solute

I mix two liquids together and shake them up. I see that I have microscopic droplets of one liquid suspended in the other. I would call this

mixture

emulsion

solvent

solute

emulsion

Let us think back to our original cup of tea. We remove the teabag from the cup of tea pictured above. Do you think that this cup of tea is a homogenous or heterogenous solution? Assume when the teabag is removed, no tea leaves remain in the cup.

Homogenous

Proteins in blood: Solutions, Colloidal Suspensions

or Emulsions?

Colloidal Suspension

Butter and Homogenized milk: Solutions, Colloidal Suspensions

or Emulsions?

Emulsions

Saltwater, Liquid food coloring, Bleach: Solutions, Colloidal Suspensions

or Emulsions?

Solutions

Beaker 1 Water or Beaker 2 Phosphate Buffer Solution: 2 drops of a strong acid added: pH decreases dramatically.

Beaker 1: Water

Beaker 1 Water or Beaker 2 Phosphate Buffer Solution: 2 drops of a strong base added: pH increases dramatically.

Beaker 1: Water

Beaker 1 Water or Beaker 2 Phosphate Buffer Solution: 2 drops of a strong acid added: pH stays about the same.

Beaker 2: Phosphate Buffer Solution

Beaker 1 Water or Beaker 2 Phosphate Buffer Solution: 2 drops of a strong base added: pH stays about the same.

Beaker 2: Phosphate Buffer Solution

You have a mixture that consists of small droplets of olive oil suspended in another liquid. The mixture seems stable. I would call this mixture:

Colloid

Emulsion

Solution

Solvent

Emulsion

Seven grams of a salt is dissolved in eight hundred ml of water. The water would be considered the:

solvent

colloid

solute

mixture

solvent

You add a few drops of a strong acid to a beaker of liquid with a pH of 4.6. After you add the drops of strong acid, the pH remains 4.6. I would estimate that the liquid in the beaker as a:

Solution

Buffer

Emulsion

Buffer

In a chemical reaction, H3PO4 reacts with another substance and becomes H2PO4-. Based on this, I would expect that this compound acted as

a solution in this reaction.

an acid in this reaction.

a base in this reaction.

a solute in this reaction.

an acid in this reaction

Which of the following is not a key property of water?

Water has a high heat capacity (ability to absorb heat)

Water is able to dissolve many substances

Water molecules are able to stick to nearby molecules in a process known as cohesion.

Water can participate in many chemical reactions.

Water molecules are able to stick to nearby molecules in a process known as cohesion.

Select all the following solutions that would be expected pH values for basic solutions? Select all that apply.

pH 7

pH 12

pH 5

pH 9

pH 10

pH 12, pH 9, and pH 10

Which of the following is an organic compound?

Water

Nitrous Oxide

Propane

Sodium Chloride

Propane

The molecule ethanol would be considered a(n):

Alcohol

Amine

Ester

Carboxylic acid

Alcohol

Select the term for a complex structure made from many small molecules linking together.

Enantiomer

Polymer

Isomer

Monomer

Polymer

In an organic reaction, you observe the formation of water from the mixture of two organic compounds. You may expect this reaction to be a:

Dehydration reaction

Hydrolysis reaction

Alcohol formation

Carboxylic acid formation

Dehydration Reaction

What type of organic molecule would you expect CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 to be based on the structural formula?

Amine

Ester

Alcohol

Carboxylic acid

Amine

Which of the following are key properties of carbon that are vital for the formation of organic compounds? Select all that apply.

The ability to form four bonds

A mass number of 12

The ability to bond to atoms of other elements

Four valance electrons

The ability to form four bonds

The ability to bond to atoms of other elements

Four valance electrons

If a molecule is made of many small molecules joined together into a large molecule, I would expect this large molecule to be a:

Polymer

Carboxylic acid

Ester

Alcohol

Polymer

Based on what we have learned in this lesson, which of the following terms would describe the formation of proteins in the body? Select all that apply.

Dehydration

Catabolism

Hydrolysis

Polymerization

Dehydration Polymerization

Which of the below is a key function of carbohydrates in our bodies

Structure

Transfer of genetic information

Catalysis of biochemical reactions

Short term energy

Short term energy

What is the term for the simplest type of carbohydrate

Polysaccharide

Starch

Disaccharide

Monosaccharide

Sucrose

Monosaccharide

Which of the following molecules is a polysaccharide? Select all that apply.

Starch

Glucose

Fructose

Amylose

Starch and Amylose

Which of the following would be considered a simple sugar?

Sucrose

Amylose

Cellulose

Starch

Sucrose

Which of the following contributes the most to make simple sugars soluble in water?

the nitrogen bases

the ketone or aldehyde groups

the hydroxyl groups

the linkages

The hydroxyl groups

Which of the following is a use for monosaccharides in our bodies?

long term energy storage

formation of proteins

formation of hair and nails

quick energy

quick energy

Two monosaccharides are linked together. I would call this Carbohydrate a

polymer

polysaccharide

disaccharide

complex carbohydrate

disaccharide

Which of the following is a key structural function of lipids?

Cell membranes

Cell walls

Hair structure

Starch

Cell membranes

What type of functional group is in a fatty acid?

Carboxylic acid

Alcohol

Ether

Ester

Carboxylic acid

Lipids are insoluble in water. This is primarily due to the biomolecules:

hydrocarbon-based structure

ester groups

hydroxide groups

carboxylic acid head

hydrocarbon-based structure

Which of the following is the main purpose of triglycerides in the human body?

Anti-inflammatory response

Long term storage of energy

Moving fatty acids around the body

Control of sexual characteristics

Long term storage of energy

From the structures below, which of the following would you refer to as a saturated fatty acid.

CH3CH=CHCH2CH2COOH

CH3CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH2CH2COOH

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH

CH3CH2CH2CH=CHCH2CH2CH2COOH

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH

What is the type of lipid that is formed from fatty acids and glycerol?

Steroid

Wax

Triglyceride

Hormone

Triglyceride

A triglyceride has three saturated fatty acids. I could refer to this lipid as a(n):

Fat

Oil

Wax

Steroid

Fat

What are the two key types of nucleic acids key to our expression of genes? Select both that apply.​

Enzymes

DNA

RNA

Peptides

DNA

RNA

The shape of a DNA molecule is a:

Double Helix

Alpha Helix

Single Strand

Beta Pleated Sheet

Double Helix

Thymine

DNA

Uracil

RNA

Adenine

DNA and RNA

Deoxyribose

DNA

Ribose

RNA

Guanine

DNA and RNA

Phosphate

DNA and RNA

Cytosine

DNA and RNA

I would expect the structure constructed from nucleotides containing the sugar ribose to be:

DNA

RNA

Chromosome

Gene

RNA

You have broken down chromosome for analysis and have discovered that 29% of the nitrogenous bases present are cytosine. What % of the bases would you expect to be guanine?

35.5%

25%

71%

29%

29%

Which of the following are true of nucleic acids? Select all that apply.

Formation of phospholipid bilayers

Synthesis of protein

Carry our genetic code

Transport of materials

Synthesis of protein

Carry our genetic code

If you isolated a nucleotide of a DNA sequence, which of the following structural components might you expect to find? Select all that apply.

Ribose

Deoxyribose

Thymine

Phosphate group

Uracil

Deoxyribose

Thymine

Phosphate group

Which of the following compounds would be considered nucleic acid based structures? Select all that apply.

Cellulose

tRNA

Polypeptide

rRNA

tRNA rRNA

You have a biomolecule with two strands of nucleic acids being hydrogen bonded between base pairs to form a double helix. Which of the following nucleic acid based structures would you expect this structure to be an example of?

DNA

mRNA

tRNA

rRNA

DNA

Proteins are made out of:

Carbohydrates

Amino acids

Lipids

Fatty acids

Amino Acids

Which of the following is a protein based structure?

Glycogen

Fatty esters

Enzymes

Starch

Enzymes

primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary: The ordered sequence of amino acids as linked together by peptide bonds

primary

primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary: Involves multiple protein chains

quaternary

primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary: The 3D structure of a protein chain & Generated by sidechain interactions of amino acids such as disulfide linkages and salt bridges

tertiary

primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary: Includes alpha helixes and beta sheets & Defined by local hydrogen bonding interactions

Secondary

Starch is a member of this biomolecule class

Carbohydrates

Contains examples of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Carbohydrates

Main source of energy for plants and animals

carbohydrates

Polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, and saturated fats are in this class

Lipid

Important in the main structure of cell membranes

Lipid

Fatty acids are in this class

Lipid

Forms triglycerides using ester bonds

Lipid

Contain amine base

Nucleic Acid

Largely responsible for the flow of genetic information

Nucleic Acid

DNA and RNA are members of this biomolecule group

Nucleic Acid