buffer solns + neutralization rxns

buffer solution

weak acid/base and its conj = nearly the same concentration

how does buffer solution relate to pH

can resist changes in pH by neutralizing any strong acid or base added to the buffered solutino

what can buffer solutions be made of

weak acid and conj base

weak base and conj acid

buffer equation

henderson hasselbach eq: pH = pK_a+ log([base]/[acid])

buffer range

the pH range over which a buffer effictively resists change

neutral pH

7

base ph

greater than 7

effective ph range

pka+-1

when does a buffer work best

if [A^-] and [HA] are equal or almost equal bc pH is close to pka

buffer capacity

how much acid or base a buffer can absorb before the pH changes significant.y

what makes a higher buffer cap

large concentraitons of the conjugate pair

ph at equivalence pt of a neutral salt

pH=7

pH of eq pt of acidic salt

pH<7

pH of eq pt of basic salt

pH>7

acid base neutralization rxn

a double replacement rxn between an acid and a base produces water and salt

acid base neutralization calculations

1. perform stoichiometric calculations

   1. limiting reagents

   2. amnt excess reagent

   3. amnt products formed

2. analyze solute present in soln after, determine pH using ICE table

do neutralization rxns go to completion

indeed they do huzzah

when can you use henderson hasselbach

only with problems with a buffer

pH in a soln with a strong acid and strong base

inert so pH is 7