Adolescent Development: Health

Introduction

  • Adolescent development starts earlier, and lasts longer in current society
  • Although many people use the terms “adolescent” and “teenager” interchangeably, adolescence covers a larger age range
  • Adolescence has a biological start, beginning at the onset of pubertal development, approximately ages 10 to 13. This Early Adolescent (10-13) period may be a particularly important time to promote positive adolescent development.
  • Middle - Late Adolescence: (14 - 17) Increased and stabilizing physical changes, sexual relationships, can start seeing “big picture” , but brain doesn’t allow for full synthesis or application in the moment
  • The end of adolescence, also known as Emerging Adulthood (18 – 21) become more focused on individuality and identification of values.
    • Commitment to relationships, career choices, and complex decision making emerge. This time period can be said to continue until mid twenties.
    • Some instead distinguish between Pre-adolescence (10 – 14), and Adolescence (15 – 18)

Health and Nutrition

  • The negative consequences of inadequate sleep include lower academic performance, higher rates of absenteeism and tardiness at school, and higher levels of depression and anxiety
  • If parents become concerned about their teenager’s weight and encourage dieting, the outcome is often poor.
  • Overemphasis, pressure, hypervigilance has opposite of intended effect
  • Be on lookout for disordered eating: 2 most common : Anorexia (average age : 16-17) and Bulimia (Average age: 15-19)

Disordered Eating

  • Risk Factors : Anorexia
    • People who develop anorexia nervosa have been described as highly controlled individuals who set extremely high, and perhaps unrealistic, goals for themselves.
    • Psychological factors such as depression and low body esteem also are predictive of later eating disorders in both boys and girls
    • Another possibility is that a dysfunctional family dynamic contributes to this disorder.
    • In Anorexia, there’s comorbidities of anxiety disorders and other psychiatric conditions
  • Bulimia Risk Factors: Teens are at higher risk of developing bulimia nervosa if they were obese in childhood or went through puberty early.
    • The risk is also higher when children experience depression or anxiety, or experienced sexual or physical abuse.
    • Treatment: A combination of treatments that include individual and family therapy, nutrition counseling, peer support groups, and at times medication.
  • Prevention and Programs
  • Programs that focus on providing information to adolescents about the harmful effects of disordered eating are not effective at producing a change in behavior.
  • Rather, those that focus on changing maladaptive attitudes (such as seeing a thin body as the ideal body type or feeling very dissatisfied with your own body) and promote healthy weight control behaviors are the most effective

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