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Period 1 and 2 Timeline - APUSH

  • 1492 - Columbian Exchange begins with Columbus’s discovery of the New World

    • Columbus sailed for Spain seeking a path to the Indies

    • Exchange of crops and disease between old and New World

    • From Europe: horses and domesticated livestock, disease, coffee, grain

    • From the New World: potato, squash, maize, tobacco, quinine

  • 1512 - Encomienda system created

    • Native labor granted in exchange for promise to Christianize

    • Similar to slaver - unfair treatment of Natives

    • Worked on large haciendas of Spanish landowners

  • 1520 - Smallpox begins to decimate native population

    • Close to 90% of population killed

    • Natives were not effective laborers as they were dying due to lack of immunity - beginning of slave trade

    • Europeans had immunity due to transcontinental exchanges

  • 1552 - Bartolome De Las Casas popularizes the idea of the “Black Legend”

    • Showed cruelty of the Spanish system

    • Depicted the natives as gentle lamb and Spaniards as wolves

    • He was a member of the church (a friar)

    • Led to end of the encomienda system

  • 1607 - Jamestown established

    • Joint stock company intended to turn a profit for investors

    • Most settlers wanted to look for gold instead of farm - “starving time” many didn’t survive the winter

    • John Rolfe introduces tobacco - married Pocahontas

    • John Smith says “those who do not work do not eat”: advertised and promoted Jamestown

  • 1609 - 1613 - Anglo - Powhatan War

    • Conflict between del la Warr and Powhatan Confederacy

    • Virginia Colony

    • Rolfe’s marriage to Pocahontas ended the first war

    • Series of 3 wars

  • 1618 - Headright system

    • To get more indentured servants, 50 acres were given to anyone who sponsored the voyage of an indentured servant

    • Indentured servants, usually poor white males - would be free after their term of indenture

    • Primary source of labor before Bacon’s Rebellion switched to slavery

  • 1619 - Virginia House of Burgesses created

    • First representative assembly in the colonies

    • All planters’ interests were represented

  • 1620 - Plymouth established

    • Separatist Pilgrims set out to establish a “city upon a hill” - Winthrop

    • Opposed the Anglican church and didn’t want toleration for non-Puritans

    • Mayflower compact agreed to follow laws and create a godly community

    • Families settled in New England unlike mostly single men in Chesapeake

  • 1632 - colony of Maryland established

    • Lord Baltimore

    • Haven for Catholics - offered religious toleration

  • 1635 - Roger Williams exiled

    • Shows intolerance of the Puritans in New England

    • Spoke out for separation of church and state and for fair treatment of Native Americans - banished from Massachusetts

    • Formed Rhode Island

  • 1637 - Anne Hutchinson banished

    • Called a heretic and considered inappropriate for a woman to preach and hold meeting in her home

    • Claimed God spoke to her

    • Was killed by Native Americans

  • 1639 - Fundamental Orders created

    • Connecticut Constitution - first written constitution in America

    • Set up structure and powers of government with the goal of protecting trade

  • 1643 - New England Federation established

    • Established for collective security of New Englanders

    • First step toward (limited) colonial unity

    • Protection from Native Americans

  • 1651 - Navigation Laws/Mercantilism

    • Mercantilism

      • The goal was to enrich the mother country, create a favorable balance of trade, increase bullion in treasury, and extract resources from colonies

    • Navigation Laws limited the trading partners of the colonies, but were loosely enforced

  • 1676 - Bacon’s Rebellion

    • Freed indentured servants rebelled against Virginia governor Berkeley

    • Wanted to be able to expand west and attack Native Americans

    • Saw Eastern elites as unconcerned with those on the frontier

    • Rebellion put down and slavery becomes preferred form of labor as they’d never be free, unlike indentured servants

  • 1686 - Dominion of New England established

    • Attempt by England to exert control over colonies

    • Hated by colonists that were used to salutary neglect

    • Ended after Glorious Revolution

  • 1693 - Salem Witch Trials

    • Women accused of witchcraft and put on trial

    • Possible that the girls who accused them actually hallucinated because of a mold in the bread

    • Ended when it became disruptive to the social order

  • 1730s and 1740s - Great Awakening

    • Religious revival with fiery sermons by Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield

    • Preached in fields - populist religious movement

    • “Sinners in the hands of an angry God”

    • Led to more challenging authority and free thought

    • Conflict between old lights and new lights

  • 1733 - Zenger Trial

    • Accused of libel but acquitted

    • Sets precedent of free press that you can print negative stories as long as they are true

Period 1 and 2 Timeline - APUSH

  • 1492 - Columbian Exchange begins with Columbus’s discovery of the New World

    • Columbus sailed for Spain seeking a path to the Indies

    • Exchange of crops and disease between old and New World

    • From Europe: horses and domesticated livestock, disease, coffee, grain

    • From the New World: potato, squash, maize, tobacco, quinine

  • 1512 - Encomienda system created

    • Native labor granted in exchange for promise to Christianize

    • Similar to slaver - unfair treatment of Natives

    • Worked on large haciendas of Spanish landowners

  • 1520 - Smallpox begins to decimate native population

    • Close to 90% of population killed

    • Natives were not effective laborers as they were dying due to lack of immunity - beginning of slave trade

    • Europeans had immunity due to transcontinental exchanges

  • 1552 - Bartolome De Las Casas popularizes the idea of the “Black Legend”

    • Showed cruelty of the Spanish system

    • Depicted the natives as gentle lamb and Spaniards as wolves

    • He was a member of the church (a friar)

    • Led to end of the encomienda system

  • 1607 - Jamestown established

    • Joint stock company intended to turn a profit for investors

    • Most settlers wanted to look for gold instead of farm - “starving time” many didn’t survive the winter

    • John Rolfe introduces tobacco - married Pocahontas

    • John Smith says “those who do not work do not eat”: advertised and promoted Jamestown

  • 1609 - 1613 - Anglo - Powhatan War

    • Conflict between del la Warr and Powhatan Confederacy

    • Virginia Colony

    • Rolfe’s marriage to Pocahontas ended the first war

    • Series of 3 wars

  • 1618 - Headright system

    • To get more indentured servants, 50 acres were given to anyone who sponsored the voyage of an indentured servant

    • Indentured servants, usually poor white males - would be free after their term of indenture

    • Primary source of labor before Bacon’s Rebellion switched to slavery

  • 1619 - Virginia House of Burgesses created

    • First representative assembly in the colonies

    • All planters’ interests were represented

  • 1620 - Plymouth established

    • Separatist Pilgrims set out to establish a “city upon a hill” - Winthrop

    • Opposed the Anglican church and didn’t want toleration for non-Puritans

    • Mayflower compact agreed to follow laws and create a godly community

    • Families settled in New England unlike mostly single men in Chesapeake

  • 1632 - colony of Maryland established

    • Lord Baltimore

    • Haven for Catholics - offered religious toleration

  • 1635 - Roger Williams exiled

    • Shows intolerance of the Puritans in New England

    • Spoke out for separation of church and state and for fair treatment of Native Americans - banished from Massachusetts

    • Formed Rhode Island

  • 1637 - Anne Hutchinson banished

    • Called a heretic and considered inappropriate for a woman to preach and hold meeting in her home

    • Claimed God spoke to her

    • Was killed by Native Americans

  • 1639 - Fundamental Orders created

    • Connecticut Constitution - first written constitution in America

    • Set up structure and powers of government with the goal of protecting trade

  • 1643 - New England Federation established

    • Established for collective security of New Englanders

    • First step toward (limited) colonial unity

    • Protection from Native Americans

  • 1651 - Navigation Laws/Mercantilism

    • Mercantilism

      • The goal was to enrich the mother country, create a favorable balance of trade, increase bullion in treasury, and extract resources from colonies

    • Navigation Laws limited the trading partners of the colonies, but were loosely enforced

  • 1676 - Bacon’s Rebellion

    • Freed indentured servants rebelled against Virginia governor Berkeley

    • Wanted to be able to expand west and attack Native Americans

    • Saw Eastern elites as unconcerned with those on the frontier

    • Rebellion put down and slavery becomes preferred form of labor as they’d never be free, unlike indentured servants

  • 1686 - Dominion of New England established

    • Attempt by England to exert control over colonies

    • Hated by colonists that were used to salutary neglect

    • Ended after Glorious Revolution

  • 1693 - Salem Witch Trials

    • Women accused of witchcraft and put on trial

    • Possible that the girls who accused them actually hallucinated because of a mold in the bread

    • Ended when it became disruptive to the social order

  • 1730s and 1740s - Great Awakening

    • Religious revival with fiery sermons by Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield

    • Preached in fields - populist religious movement

    • “Sinners in the hands of an angry God”

    • Led to more challenging authority and free thought

    • Conflict between old lights and new lights

  • 1733 - Zenger Trial

    • Accused of libel but acquitted

    • Sets precedent of free press that you can print negative stories as long as they are true