NE

Period 1 and 2 Timeline - APUSH

  • 1492 - Columbian Exchange begins with Columbus’s discovery of the New World
    • Columbus sailed for Spain seeking a path to the Indies
    • Exchange of crops and disease between old and New World
    • From Europe: horses and domesticated livestock, disease, coffee, grain
    • From the New World: potato, squash, maize, tobacco, quinine
  • 1512 - Encomienda system created
    • Native labor granted in exchange for promise to Christianize
    • Similar to slaver - unfair treatment of Natives
    • Worked on large haciendas of Spanish landowners
  • 1520 - Smallpox begins to decimate native population
    • Close to 90% of population killed
    • Natives were not effective laborers as they were dying due to lack of immunity - beginning of slave trade
    • Europeans had immunity due to transcontinental exchanges
  • 1552 - Bartolome De Las Casas popularizes the idea of the “Black Legend”
    • Showed cruelty of the Spanish system
    • Depicted the natives as gentle lamb and Spaniards as wolves
    • He was a member of the church (a friar)
    • Led to end of the encomienda system
  • 1607 - Jamestown established
    • ==Joint stock company== intended to turn a profit for investors
    • Most settlers wanted to look for gold instead of farm - “starving time” many didn’t survive the winter
    • John Rolfe introduces tobacco - married Pocahontas
    • John Smith says “those who do not work do not eat”: advertised and promoted Jamestown
  • 1609 - 1613 - Anglo - Powhatan War
    • Conflict between del la Warr and Powhatan Confederacy
    • Virginia Colony
    • Rolfe’s marriage to Pocahontas ended the first war
    • Series of 3 wars
  • 1618 - Headright system
    • ==To get more indentured servants, 50 acres were given to anyone who sponsored the voyage of an indentured servant==
    • Indentured servants, usually poor white males - would be free after their term of indenture
    • Primary source of labor before Bacon’s Rebellion switched to slavery
  • 1619 - Virginia House of Burgesses created
    • ^^First representative assembly in the colonies^^
    • All planters’ interests were represented
  • 1620 - Plymouth established
    • Separatist Pilgrims set out to establish a “city upon a hill” - Winthrop
    • @@Opposed the Anglican church and didn’t want toleration for non-Puritans@@
    • Mayflower compact agreed to follow laws and create a godly community
    • Families settled in New England unlike mostly single men in Chesapeake
  • 1632 - colony of Maryland established
    • Lord Baltimore
    • Haven for Catholics - offered religious toleration
  • 1635 - Roger Williams exiled
    • Shows intolerance of the Puritans in New England
    • Spoke out for separation of church and state and for fair treatment of Native Americans - banished from Massachusetts
    • Formed Rhode Island
  • 1637 - Anne Hutchinson banished
    • Called a heretic and considered inappropriate for a woman to preach and hold meeting in her home
    • Claimed God spoke to her
    • Was killed by Native Americans
  • 1639 - Fundamental Orders created
    • @@Connecticut Constitution@@ - first written constitution in America
    • Set up structure and powers of government with the goal of protecting trade
  • 1643 - New England Federation established
    • Established for collective security of New Englanders
    • First step toward (limited) colonial unity
    • Protection from Native Americans
  • 1651 - Navigation Laws/Mercantilism
    • Mercantilism
    • The goal was to enrich the mother country, create a favorable balance of trade, increase bullion in treasury, and extract resources from colonies
    • Navigation Laws limited the trading partners of the colonies, but were loosely enforced
  • 1676 - Bacon’s Rebellion
    • Freed indentured servants rebelled against Virginia governor Berkeley
    • Wanted to be able to expand west and attack Native Americans
    • Saw Eastern elites as unconcerned with those on the frontier
    • Rebellion put down and slavery becomes preferred form of labor as they’d never be free, unlike indentured servants
  • 1686 - Dominion of New England established
    • Attempt by England to exert control over colonies
    • Hated by colonists that were used to salutary neglect
    • Ended after Glorious Revolution
  • 1693 - Salem Witch Trials
    • Women accused of witchcraft and put on trial
    • Possible that the girls who accused them actually hallucinated because of a mold in the bread
    • Ended when it became disruptive to the social order
  • 1730s and 1740s - Great Awakening
    • Religious revival with fiery sermons by Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield
    • Preached in fields - populist religious movement
    • “Sinners in the hands of an angry God”
    • Led to more challenging authority and free thought
    • Conflict between old lights and new lights
  • 1733 - Zenger Trial
    • Accused of libel but acquitted
    • Sets precedent of free press that you can print negative stories as long as they are true