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The immune system that provides a rapid response within hours is called _______ immunity.
innate immunity
The principal effector function of _________ is the synthesis and secretion of antibodies.
B cells
______ are small proteins secreted by cells that attract other cells to sites of inflammation.
Cytokines
_________ are phagocytic cells that can differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells.
Monocytes
________are microorganisms that can cause disease. The four main types are ________(intracellular only), ___________ (intracellular and extracellular), _________(extracellular only), and ________ (mainly worms and protozoa).
Pathogens
viruses
bacteria
fungi
parasites
The two main cell types of the adaptive immune system are ________which secrete antibodies and _________.
B cells and T cells.
The most numerous cell type circulating in the blood are __________. After that ______ are the most abundant type.
RBCs (erythrocytes)
Neutrophils
Three examples of phagocytes are:
Neutrophil
Natural Killer Cell
Monocyte
Macrophage
Neutrophil
Monocyte
Macrophage
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the adaptive immune response?
Slow response in days to weeks
Improves during course of response
Low specificities
Numerous highly selective specificities
Variable mechanisms
Low specificities
The innate immune system is able to recognize and clear many pathogen because -
it has a fixed set of receptors that discriminate self from non-self
it evolves more rapidly than pathogens
it generates billions of different receptor variants
It only needs to recognize common pathogen structures
it has a fixed set of receptors that discriminate self from non-self
It only needs to recognize common pathogen structures
Which of the following cell types is NOT part of the adaptive immune system?
Plasma cells
T cells
B cells
NK cells
NK cells
Primary Functions of Innate Immunity
Defends host from pathogens in first minutes/hours of infection
1) restricts infection from dissemination
2) enables host to survive long enough for adaptive immune response to occur
3) Directs/modulates the adaptive response
Physical
Skin
Mucous membrane
temperature
chemical
low pH
Chemical mediators
cellular
phagocytic cells
natural killer cells
molecular
Defensins
Complement
Defensins
antimicrobial peptides produced by immune cells that help protect against pathogens.
Amphipathic - allows to interact with the hydrophobic part of bacteria and the hydrophilic part of cytoplasm
cationic - attracts defensin to the negatively charged bacteria
Has Di-S bonds
expressed by neutrophils and epithelial cells
What is the primary function of natural killer (NK) cells? Select all that apply.
Antibody Production
Killing tumor cells
Antigen presentation
Killing virus-infected cells
Phagocytosis of bacteria
Killing tumor cells
Killing virus-infected cells
Phagocytosis of bacteria
Note 
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