Alcohols

What are alcohols?

Alcohols dissolve lipids in cell membranes and kill them.

Why is alcohol considered a drug?

Because it modifies body functions

What were the alcohol recommendations before January 2023?

Men: 2 drinks per day; Women: 1 drink per day.

What is one standard drink?

1.5 oz liquor, 5 oz wine, or 12 oz beer

How is alcohol different from food?

Some alcohol is absorbed through the stomach wall and reaches the brain within minutes.

Why do women have lower alcohol tolerance?

They have less alcohol dehydrogenase than men.

What happens when alcohol reaches the liver?

The liver processes alcohol first, which can cause fat to accumulate.

What is the alcohol breakdown process?

Ethanol → Acetaldehyde → Acetyl-CoA.

What are other effects of alcohol on the liver?

• Slows synthesis of immune system proteins

• Causes protein deficiency

What liver functions are impaired by alcohol?

• Activating Vitamin D

• Releasing bile

• Converting Vitamin A

How does alcohol affect the brain?

Kills brain cells (some don’t regenerate) and affects:

• Frontal lobe: reasoning and judgment

• Midbrain: speech and vision

• Cerebellum: coordination

• Pons/Medulla: heart rate and breathing (causes passing out)

What is the “French Paradox”?

The idea that moderate alcohol (especially wine) may benefit heart health

What cancers are linked to alcohol?

Liver, breast, mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, colon, and rectum.

What are the new alcohol guidelines (January 2023, Canada)?

The CCSA recommends no more than 2 drinks per week,

Why did the alcohol recommendations change?

New research shows that even small quantities of alcohol can be harmful.