The Mongols (1000-1500)

Flashcards about the Mongols

Pax Mongolica

The period of peace and stability across the Mongol Empire, which facilitated trade and cultural exchange.

Genghis Khan

Founder of the Mongol Empire, known for his military strategies.

Kublai Khan

Grandson of Genghis Khan, presided over the empire’s Golden Age during the Yuan dynasty, promoting advancements in medicine, astronomy, and construction.

The Vikings (800-11th Century)

Flashcards about the Vikings

Viking

Refers to the Viking identity as pirates.

Danelaw

Region of Viking control in England that included areas such as East Anglia and Northumberland, with Jorvik (York) as a notable center.

Kingdom of Kush (1069 BCE - 350 CE)

Flashcards about the Kingdom of Kush

Napata

Capital of Kush, eventually replaced by Meroe after the Assyrian invasion.

Meroe

A new capital after the fall of Napata, which became a center of trade and culture.

Ancient Carthage (c. 814-146 BCE)

The city was strategically positioned for maritime trade, which became a cornerstone of its economy

Carthage

A Phoenician settlement located in present-day Tunisia, founded around 814 BCE by Queen Dido.

The First Punic War (264-241BCE)

Series of wars that resulted in Carthage’s defeat and the loss of Sicily to Rome, marking the beginning of hostilities between the two powers.

The Second Punic War (218-202 BCE)

Famous campaign against Rome, but ultimately ended in Carthaginian defeat.

The Third Punic War (149-146 BCE)

Culminated in the complete destruction of Carthage, ending its status as a major power in the Mediterranean.

Kingdom of Axum (1st - 7th Century CE)

Flashcards about the Kingdom of Axum

King Kaleb I (6th century)

An alliance formed with the Byzantine Empire to conquer Yemen in 525 CE.

Ge'ez Script

Notable script and construction of monumental architecture from Axumite civilization.

Mali Empire (12th Century – 1468)

The Mali Empire was founded in the 12th century, with Sundiata Keita, known as the 'Lion King', as its legendary founder.

Sundiata Keita

The Lion King, the legendary founder of the Mali Empire.

Mansa Musa I

Expanded the empire and famously made a pilgrimage to Cairo in 1324, showcasing Mali's wealth.

Mexica Empire (Aztec Empire)

Flashcards about the Mexica Empire

Huitzilopochtli

Mexica god of war, played a crucial role in the empire's expansion and religious practices, including ritual sacrifices of war captives.

Codex Mendoza

Document that provides insights into Mexica society, including tributes, social structure, and daily life.

Chichén Itzá

Meaning 'at the mouth of the well of the Itza', was a major city of the Maya civilization, known for its architectural and cultural significance.

K’iche’ (Quiché) Maya

Society was stratified into nobility and commoners, with a complex social structure that included merchants, laborers, artisans, and slaves

The Inca Empire

Flashcards about the Inca Empire

Inti

The sun god, and Manco Capac, the first Inca ruler, who founded Cusco, the empire's capital.

Tawantisuyu

The empire spanned approximately 2,600 miles, known as Tawantisuyu, meaning 'Union of the Four Quarters', and was home to around 12 million people from over 100 ethnic groups

Quipu

A system of knotted strings, was used to record information such as dates, statistics, and historical events, serving as a vital tool for administration and communication.

Pre-Colonial Context 1525

Facing a smallpox epidemic that significantly weakened its population and governance

Cahokia: A Mississippian Culture

Flashcards about Cahokia

Historical Context of European Colonialism

Flashcards about European Colonialism

The Black Death (1340s)

Led to significant economic decline across Europe, resulting in social, political, and religious unrest.

Centralization of power in European nations

Increasing national identities, paving the way for stronger centralized governments.

Spain's Expansion

Spain's Expansion

Portugal's Maritime Ventures

Portugal's Expansion

The Azores and Madeiras

Vital for trade, with the Madeiras developing a sugar plantation economy.

Columbus's second voyage in 1493

aimed at colonization, establishing thaabela on Hispaniola, and initiating interactions with the Taino people.