The Use of Force and Just War

A set of flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on the use of force and just war theory.

What is the Crime of Aggression?

The planning, initiation, or execution of a large-scale and serious act of aggression using state military force.

What are the conditions for a war to be considered just according to Just War Theory?

Competent Authority, Probability of Success, Last Resort, and Just Cause.

What does jus ad bellum refer to?

The right to go to war.

What is the principle of proportionality in IHL?

It aims to limit the suffering of combatants and protect civilians from attacks.

What is the Responsibility to Protect (R2P)?

It is the idea that states have a responsibility to intervene where crimes against humanity are occurring.

What is the difference between Chapter VI and Chapter VII missions according to the UN Charter?

Chapter VI missions are consent-based and require agreement from belligerents, while Chapter VII missions are not consent-based and can be imposed by the UNSC.

What are the two types of military force authorized by the UN Charter?

Collective self-defense and unilateral self-defense.

What is the purpose of peacekeeping operations?

To monitor and support the maintenance of peace and security following conflicts.

What is outlined under Article 51 of the UN Charter?

It establishes the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs.

What are the main issues surrounding the use of lethal force in law enforcement operations?

It may only be used as a last resort and is subject to strict necessity.

What controversies surround the concept of humanitarian intervention?

There are debates about the definition of genocide, timing for intervention, and state rights.

What was established by the Nicaragua v. United States case?

It established that self-defense does not only apply to direct armed attacks.

What are the main components required for self-defense as highlighted by the Caroline case?

The response must be necessary due to an imminent threat and proportionate to the threat.

What is the UN's stance on the control of weapons during war?

Certain conventional weapons that are excessively injurious or have indiscriminate effects are prohibited.

What was the significance of the leaflets dropped on Japan during WWII?

They serve as an example of warnings issued under IHL before attacks.

What type of peacekeeping missions are meant to monitor cease-fires?

Observation Missions.