Gender Crime and Justice Test One

What is the greatest predictor of one's likelihood of offending?
-> History of abuse
-> Race
-> Gender
-> Age

Gender

During what historic period did an interest in feminist criminology begin?
-> Civil Rights Movement
-> Women's Suffrage
-> Labor Movement
-> Gay Rights

Civil Rights Movement

Which of the following was NOT a critique by feminist criminologists?
-> When women were included in criminology, their lives and experiences were distorted and stereotyped
-> Women were ignored in most mainstream criminological theories
-> The gender gap was not being questioned or explored in research
-> Women rarely committed criminal offenses

Women rarely committed criminal offenses

Which of the following headlines would likely have appeared in the media during the 1980s and 1990s?
-> Men are Becoming Weaker: Less Violent Crime and More Property Crime
-> Women's Crime Rates Drop for the First Time in Decades
-> Girls are Becoming More like Boys: Both on the Soccer Fields and the Killing Fields

Girls are Becoming More like Boys: Both on the Soccer Fields and the Killing Fields

Criminology is the study of
-> crime scene forensics
-> societal influence of crime rates
-> the criminal justice system and how it functions
-> crime and criminal behavior

crime and criminal behavior

Most criminological theories consider the impact of gender when theorizing why individuals commit crimes.

False

Criminologists believe there is a theory that can explain all forms of criminal behavior and are still searching for it.

False

Which of the following theories posits that past experiences and traumas can influence one's likelihood of engaging in crime?
-> Lifestyle Theory
-> Routine Activities Theory
-> Feminist Pathways Theory
-> Strain Theory

Feminist Pathways Theory

Women are ____ likely to be a victim of a violent crime than men.

less

Women are significantly more likely to be victimized in public places than men.

False

Transgender individuals are significantly more likely to be a victim of violent crime than cisgender persons.

True

____ are significantly more likely to be victimized by someone they know than ____.

Women, men

Which group of individuals is the most likely to be a victim of sexual assault and which is the least likely?

Transgender individuals - most likely
Cisgender females - mid likely
Cisgender males - least likely

Which of the following was not a unique contributing factor towards the sexual violence epidemic on college campuses within the documentary The Hunting Ground?
-> Lack of reporting
-> Fraternities
-> College athletics
-> Protecting the university's image

Lack of reporting

Most sexual assaults on college campuses are committed by a small percentage of men.

True

Most sexual assault reports made to a university result in the suspension or expulsion of the perpetrator.

False

During what age range are women the most likely to be a victim of attempted or completed rape?

18-34 years

Male college students are significantly more likely to be victims of sexual assault and/or rape than non-students males of the same age.

True

Fisher and May (2009) found that fear-provoking cues are gendered (i.e., different things cause fear in women than men).

False

When was domestic violence and sexual assault federally criminalized under the Violence Against Women Act?
-> 2005
-> 1932
-> 1994
-> 1968

1994

Maria is 14 years old and lives at home with her brother, mother, and grandmother. Since becoming a teenager, Maria's grandmother has begun treating her differently. When Maria does something wrong or makes a mistake, her grandmother is quick to snap. When Maria missed her curfew last week, her grandmother slapped her and threatened to "do much worse" the next time Maria misses her curfew. This treatment can be considered a form of ___.
-> Stalking
-> Sexual assault
-> Domestic violence
-> Intimate partner violence

Domestic violence

Jonathan has been dating Eric for three months. Over the past few weeks, Eric has been trying to convince Jonathan to move in with him. When Jonathan questioned if they were rushing things, Eric began belittling him, saying things like "This is why you've been single for so long" and "This is why you'll never find someone to love you the way I am willing to." Jonathan is worried that Eric may be right and, even though he's concerned with how Eric speaks to him when he's angry, he is strongly considering moving in to avoid the relationship ending. This treatment can be considered a form of ______.
-> Domestic violence
-> Stalking
-> Intimate partner violence
-> Physical assault

Intimate partner violence

Which of the following is NOT an example of stalking behavior?
-> Leaving unsolicited gifts for someone
-> Following someone on Instagram
-> Intentionally showing up at a person's place of business
-> Threatening someone and their family

Following someone on Instagram

Erotomania

When the stalker incorrectly believes that the victim is in love with them

What form of stalking is the most common?
-> Love obsessional
-> Erotomania
-> Simple obsessional
-> They are equally common

Simple obsessional

Most stalkers are women.

False

Which of the following is NOT true about the history of abortion rights in the United States?
-> Between 1910 and 1967, abortion became a felony in nearly every state
-> Prior to the mid-1800s, abortions which occurred prior to fetal movements were not considered an abortion at all
-> Male gynecologists were one of the largest proponents in the banning of abortions
-> Society has been concerned about all forms of abortion since the start of the country

Society has been concerned about all forms of abortion since the start of the country.

Which of the following was NOT a motivation in criminalizing all forms (i.e., early- and late-term) of abortion at some point in American history?
-> Health and well-being of the woman
-> Racial dominance
-> Pushing out midwives from the gynecological practice
-> The rights of the fetus

Health and well-being of the woman

In what year was spousal rape criminalized in New York?

1984

Love Obsessional

The stalker is a stranger or a casual acquaintance to the victim

Simple Obsessional

The stalker was formerly in a relationship / close with the victim

In 1851, which state opened a hospital for the mentally ill in which a husband could commit his wife to without her consent or a public hearing?

Illinois