tabula rasa
John Locke wrote a one-[age essay on our own abilities and 20 years later, he completed one of history’s greatest papers that said that the mind at birth is a tabula rasa (blank slate) and experiences shape us.
importance of wilhelm wundt
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tabula rasa
John Locke wrote a one-[age essay on our own abilities and 20 years later, he completed one of history’s greatest papers that said that the mind at birth is a tabula rasa (blank slate) and experiences shape us.
importance of wilhelm wundt
what is structuralism and what are its problems?
How does functionalism differ from structuralism and who were its supporters
nature vs nurture
What are the 7 approachwes/perspectives of psychology
Behavioral, Psychodynamic, Humainism, Cognitie, Biological (Biomedical), Evolutionary, Soci-Cultural
Behavioral
Biological
Cognitive
Evolutionary
Humanistic
Psychodynamic
Socio-cultural
Careers in psychology
psychometrics: scientfic study of human abilities, attitudes, and traits
some psycholgists conduct basic research that builds knowledge base
biological: exploring link between brain and mind
developmental: Changing abilities through life
cognitive: now we perceive, think, and solve problems
educational: Infivenes on teaching and learning
personality: Investigating our persistent traits
social: how we view + affect one another
Psychologists may also conduct applied research to tackle practical Problems
industrial-organizational (I/o) psychologists apply psychological concepts and methods to optimize human behavior in the workplace
Human factors psychologists focus interaction of people, machines, and physical environment
psychology is best bases such interventions on evidence of effectiveness
counseling psychologists help people cope with challenges and crises and improve personal & social functioning
clinical psychologists assess and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders
Psychiatrists (may provide psychotherapy) are medical doctors licensed to perscribe drugs and treat physical causes of psychological disorders
positive psychology: scientific study of humane functioning, with the goal of disocring and promoting strengths & virtues that help individuals and communities thrive
Community psychologists: study how people interact with their social environment and how social institutions affect individuals and groups
Hindsight bias
Overconfidence
A theory
A hypothesis
operational definition
why is replication important in the research process
case study (define, pros+cons)
naturalistic observation
survey
population of a study vs sample
random sampling
correlation
measure of the extend to which 2 variables change together and thus of how well either variable predicts the other
correlation coefficient
illusory correlation
does correlation prove causation?
why do we use experiments
why do we need a control group?
how do we assign experimental and control group?
importance of double blind procedure
** Independent vs confnounding vs dependent variables
validity
a key goal of experimental design is validity, which means the experiment will test what is is supposed to test
how accurate it is, ex: does the intelligence test actually measure intelligence?
definition: the extent to which a test or experiment measures or predicts what it is supposed to
why is it useful to understand statistics regarding psychology?
descriptive statistics
mode, mean, median, range
standard deviation
what shape is used to describe a normal curve
**in a symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution, the mmmr will be very similar or the same
large nuebrs of data often form a symmetrical, bell shaped distribution
this bell-shaped distribution is so typical that we call the curve it forms the normal curve
**roughly 68% of the cases fall within 1 standard deviation on either side of the mean, about 95% within 2
a study have been found to be statistically significant, what does that indicate about the results from the study?
p-value and importance of it
why do psychologists study animals
ethical principles that one should follow when studying humans