AP World Americas and Africa test

How did centralized bureaucracy differ between the Incas and the Aztecs

Incas aimed for integration of ethnic groups, Aztecs did not

What was Zheng He’s main goal?

collecting tribute and establishing trade (ming dynasty)

Which philosopher in 12th century Europe believed in faith against reason?

Monk Bernard of Clairvaux

What was Thomas Aquinas, Summas’ theology?

Scholasticism

What is scholasticism?

using logic to resolve theological problems —> have faith but you shouldn’t just listen to one authority, you should study other stuff as well/they will help each other out and even enhance the other aspect

True or false: Tenochtitlan reached a population of 150,000

false; it was 200k-300k

What are tambos?

way stops

what is the mita system?

a mandatory public service labor system in which people were forced to work for the empire

What is split inheritiance?

each ruler conquered their own land to maintain legacy and carried that land with them to the overworld; power goes to eldest male and wealth and land to other sons

What is Tlaloc?

God of rain

what does this image show?

Mali empire is hub of gold trade

what were the major mali cties?

Jenne and Timbuktu

what war was going on in europe from 1337-1453?

Hundred Years War

How did Mongols treat other religions in their areas they encountered/conquered?

they were religiously tolerant

the Aztecs had a centralized bureaucracy like that of which empire?

byzantine

What is the similarity between Chan chan, cahokia, and tula?

all trading hubs

how was the North American technology like?

limited; VERY behind from the rest of the world

What was the irrigation integration system of the Aztecs called?

Chinampas

Who was the god of sacrifice?

Huitzilopochtli (sun god)

What is calpulli?

clans (in aztec)

what were the clans called in inca society?

ayllus

who were the pochteca?

merchant class of aztecs

describe the chimu geography

pastoral highlands to ridge valley floodplains

Why were the swahili people brokers?

because of their strategic location on the east african coast as it served as a crucial link between the african interior and the indian ocean trade networks; wind

where were the incas located?

andes mountains

who was really successful from 900 to 1400?

chimor/chimus

who was the son of Pachacuti?

Tupac — wanted to expand the inca empire like his father

what was the difference between the social class of the aztecs and incas?

Aztecs were more strict about social class while Incas allowed people to move more freely

what did women due to technological constraints?

spent time grinding corn by hand on stone boards; time consuming

Who were the precursors of Aztecs?

Toltecswho

who were the precursors of the Inca?

Chimor

Why did Aztec participate in long distance trade while incas didn’t really?

aztecs had a good location for trade with surrounding waters while the Inca had more mountainous terrain; aztec —> decentralized system that allowed for local governance and economy based on trade and tribute | Inca —> state-controlled economy that relied on labor tribute and redistribution, not large-scale commercial trade

Main agricultural crops of the Aztecs?

maize and beans

what is a reason why inca sought to expand its empire?

conquered land to get legacy (split inheritance)

What was the purpose of Mansa Musa’s hajj to mecca?

spread african culture, religious duty, demonstrate the wealth and power of the mali empire, strengthen diplmoatic and trade relationship with other islamic nations

what did mansa musa’s journey to mecca result in?

resulted in showcasing how islam spread all the way to sub-saharan africa

what were moldboards in western culture?

curved iron plage, allowed for deeper turning of heavy soil

where did the chimu expand to?

ecological zones

similarities of ming and chimor

both had a dynasty

what did the mande people expertise in?

commerce and political organization

population of tenochtitlan

200k-300k

mesoamerica

aztecsand

andes

incas

importance of timbuktu

intellectual center

true or false: the size of cahokia was similar to the size of london at the time

true

what did zheng he do?

spread maritime trade with china

what is the significance of split inheritance in inca?

led to more expansion; territories were taken with the emperors to the overworld when they died

true or false did inca have a writing system?

false what

what were quipus?

an accounting system used by the inca; they did not have a writing system tho

important gods of the inca

inti (main god), viracocha (creator/sun god; the highest god)

important gods of aztec

Huitzilopochtili (deity of war, sun and human sacrifice), tlaloc (god of rain), xipe totec (god of fertility/agriculture)

what was the primary weapon of the aztec

atlatl

how did toltec warrior aristocracy work?

succeed in battle = higher ranked

why did aztecs move near water

trading, fishing, transportation

how did incas take over the chimu?

they took over their irrigation systems

who was pachacuti?

ruler of the Inca and transformed the incas

what is the capital of chimor;toltecs;inca;aztecs

chan chan; tula; cuzco; tenochtitlan

who ruled the longest of the inca empire

tupac

how did the hierarhcy of the aztec empire change?

Huitzilopochtli sun god demanded sacrifices

timbuktu

west africa, the commercial religoius center for muslim scholars

administration of the aztec empire

hunter gatherer - city states - imperial

political organization of the aztecs

warrior class

what was the agriculture by the time of the 1500s

sedentary agriculture

true or false inca had a merchant class

false

true or false: unlike other mesoamerica cities the capital of the Aztecs (tenochtitlan) lacked a temple complex

false

what was the impact of expansion and conquest of aztec social system

transformed aztec society from loose clans to a highly stratified/hierarchical society

what was the nature of the aztec administration of the territories they conquered?

conquered territories were relatively unchanged under their own rulers as long as they recognized aztec supremacy and paid tribute

what is a significant difference between the andean and mesoamerica civilizations?

climate and geography

who lacked a writing system, aztecs or incas?

incas

the religious practice most closely associated with the state and the person of the inca in the andean civilization was the cult of the ____

sun

in the period shortly after the arrival of the aztecs in the valley of mexico, what was the nature of the political organizations in the region?

city states

was polygamy common throughout aztec society?

no; it was more used by elites

what is not a characteristic of american civilizations during the post classic period?

monothestic practices

what was the nature of the aztec economy?

the aztec state redistributed many goods recieved as tribute and there was a specialized merchant class (pochteca)

what was true about aztec religion?

aztec deities were numerous and had different forms or manifestations somewhat like the avatars of the hindu deities