Animal Reproduction

What is asexual reproduction?

One parent makes identical offspring

Uses Mitosis

Examples: Bacteria and Starfish

What is parthenogenesis?

Egg develops into an embryo without fertilization(type of asexual reproduction).

What is sexual reproduction?

Two parents combine DNA for diverse offspring.

What is oviparous?

Eggs hatch outside the mother’s body (e.g., birds, reptiles)

What is ovuliparity?

Eggs released in water; sperm fertilizes them(e.g., frogs)

What is ovoviviparous?

Eggs hatch inside the body(e.g., seahorses)

What is viviparous?

Live birth(e.g., humans)

How soon must a human egg be fertilized?

24 hours

How long does an embryo develop in the fallopian tubes?

6 days

What hormone is measured in a pregnancy test?

hCG(human chorionic growth hormone)

What is a morula?

A solid ball of cells

What is a blastocyst?

A hollow ball of cells

What is a gastric?

A multi layered embryo(endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm)

What is an ectoderm?

outer skin, gives rise to skin, nervous system, hair and teeth

What is the mesoderm layer?

middle layer, forms bloody supply, muscles and bones(organs in general)

What is the endoderm layer?

inner lining of digestive tract and respiratory system

What is the first organ system to develop?

central nervous system

When does an embryo heart start beating?

5th week

When does an embryos organs all function

10th week

Why are human babies born so early in development?

Because mothers can’t support the baby metabolically

How many weeks must a fetus be to be viable outside the womb?

22 weeks

What has to occur for a couple to be considered infertile?

If a couple failed to achieve pregnancy after one year of regular unprotected sex

What are the primary causes for male and female infertility?

A. Make infertility due to low sperm count or large number of abnormal sperm

B. Female infertility due to age, weight and hormone levels

What is IUI(intrauterine insemination)?

Female injects Hormones to make the body trigger ovulation; sperm is cleaned and injected directly into the uterus

What is IVF(In Vitro Fertilization)?

Egg is fertilized outside the body, then implanted in the uterus

What is GIFT (Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer)

Egg & sperm mixed outside, then placed in the oviduct.

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

Testes.

What type of sperm cells are made during spermatogenesis?

Haploid Cells (half the DNA).

What is oogenesis?

Production of female eggs.

What type of feedback is used during childbirth?

Positive feedback to produce oxytocin.

What are some pregnancy issues?

Ectopic pregnancy: Egg implants in fallopian tube.

• Placenta previa: Placenta blocks cervix.

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

Testes

What type of sperm cells are made during spermatogenesis?

Haploid cells (half the dna)

What is oogenesis?

Production of female eggs

What type of feedback is used during childbirth?

Positive feedback to produce oxytocin