Ch 1- Introduction to management and organisations

Managers

are individuals who coordinate and oversee the work of other people so that organisational goals can be reached

Hierarchy of Managers

1- Top Managers
2- middle managers
3- first line managers

Top Managers

individuals who are responsible for making organisation-wide decisions and establishing plans and goals that affect the organisation

Bottom

individuals who manage the work of first-line managers

First-line managers

Individuals who manage the work of non-managerial employees

Non-managerial employees

individuals who work directly on a job, and have no responsibility of overseeing the work of others

Efficiency

“doing things right”, getting the most output for the least input
→ low resource usage/waste (means)

Effectiveness

“doing the right things”, attaining organisational goals
→ high goal attainment (ends)

Planning

defining goals, establishing strategies to achieve goals, developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities → creating

Organising

arranging and structuring work to accomplish organisational goals → arranging

Leading

working with and through people to accomplish goals → motivating

Controlling

monitoring, comparing, and correcting work

3 Management roles

Interpersonal role, informational role, decisional role

Interpersonal roles

figurehead, leader, liaison

Informational roles

monitor, disseminator, spokesperson

Decisional roles

disturbance handler, resource allocator, negotiator

Managers have to

Interact with others, reflect, take action

Skills of a manager

Technical, human, and conceptual

Technical skills

knowledge and proficiency in a specific field
→ most important in lower management

Human skills

the ability to work well with other people
→ most important in middle management

Conceptual skills

the ability to think and conceptualise about abstract and complex situations concerning the organisation
→ most important in top management

How a manager's job is changing

changing consumer needs, innovation

organisation

A deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose
→ individuals can’t accomplish them alone

Characteristics of an organisation

Has a distinct goal, composed of people, deliberate structure

The universality of management

is that it is needed in all aspects of an organisation, no matter how small or large