Unit 15: Nationalism and Imperialism

Nationalism and Imperialism

Nationalism

loyalty and devotion to a country/ nation often with the belief that it is better and more important than other countries

patriotism

devotion to and vigorous support for one's country

Congress of Vienna

meeting of European powers to redraw the map of Europe

Realpolitik

Bismarck's philosophy of focusing on the needs of the state/ country's power

German Confederation

A weak German Alliance headed by Austria

Blood and Iron

Bismarck's belief that industry & war would unify Germany

Kaiser

German emperor

Otto von Bismarck

German chancellor who united a modern Germany

Giuseppe Mazzini

Italian nationalist whose writings spurred the movement for a unified and independent Italy

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Italian patriot whose conquest of Sicily and Naples led to the formation of the Italian state (1807-1882).

King Victor Emmanuel II

The King of Piedmont that appointed Cavour his Prime Minister and worked to unite Italy.

Camillo di Cavour

The political mastermind behind all of Sardinia's unification plans, he succeeded in creating a Northern Italian nation state.

imperialism

domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

Berlin Conference

meeting of European powers to carve up Africa, nations agree to notify each other of their claims and show they could control the area

Quinine

a drug used for fighting malaria

Maxim Gun

world's first automatic machine gun

King Leopold II

king of Belgium who set off a scramble among European powers for African colonies

Genocide

a deliberate attempt to destroy a racial, political, religious, or cultural group of people

Sepoy Mutiny

an 1857 rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India

Ruso-Japanese War

Japan defeats Russia for control of Manchuria (raw materials for its own empire)

Sino-Japanese War

Modernized Japan defeated China in 1868 and gains Taiwan

Matthew Perry

US naval officer that uses US sea power to convince Japan to open trade to other countries in 1854

Boxer Uprising/Rebellion

Anti-Foreign rebellion in 1899 by the Righteous Harmonious Fists - wanted to drive out foreigners from China -Crushed by Japanese and Western Forces

Opening Door Policy

American-European agreement to keep trade open to everyone in China

Opium War

Chinese outlawed opium (drugs) and tried to stop British ships. Were soundly defeated - Tea was a key product that was demanded by the British - British gained Hong Kong

Haitian Revolution

Revolution on an Island in the Caribbean controlled by France that led to the freeing of slaves describes...

Brazil Independence

Country that gained its Independence without violent means or an uprising due issues in Spain and Portugal describes...

Greek Independence

A Revolution that was popular with Europeans. Britain, France and Russia defeated the Ottoman fleet describes...

Venezuelan Independence

Bolivar led the army to fight against Spain and bring Independence describes...

Mexican Independence

An uprising started by Miguel Hidalgo and finished by Jose Maria Morelos that resulted in the loss of New Spain describes...

Belgium Independence

Nationalists fought against the Dutch to become free in 1830.

Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen)

leader of the group that overthrew the last emperor in China, after became the president of China and later the leader of the Nationalist party in China