5. Health Surveillance Systems

ongoing

Surveillance is __________ and systematic

surveillance

Surveillance is ongoing and __________

epidemiological surveillance

Systematic continuous observation of populations and collection and analysis of data from many varied sources

surveillance

Epidemiological ________________ allows for rapid detection and timely, appropriate response to important health events.

detection, response

Epidemiological surveillance allows for rapid ___________ and timely, appropriate ___________ to important health events

surveillance

Epidemiological _____________ is used to produce and communicate valid information about the health and disease status of a population

valid information

Epidemiological surveillance is used to produce and communicate ________ ___________ about the health and disease status of a population

population

Surveillance of infectious diseases in veterinary science is the study of one ____________ and one disease/condition in real-time.

disease

Surveillance of infectious diseases in veterinary science is the study of one population and one ______________/condition in real-time.

Surveillance

(SURVEILLANCE/LONGITUDINAL SURVEYS) are typically durable - lasting many years.

longitudinal surveys

(SURVEILLANCE/LONGITUDINAL SURVEYS) are typically limited in time.

surveillance

(SURVEILLANCE/LONGITUDINAL SURVEYS) typically yield low amounts of data, contributing to their sustainability.

longitudinal surveys

(SURVEILLANCE/LONGITUDINAL SURVEYS) typically yield high amounts of data with the goal of publishing research.

surveillance

(SURVEILLANCE/LONGITUDINAL SURVEYS) typically only operate as descriptive epidemiology

longitudinal surveys

(SURVEILLANCE/LONGITUDINAL SURVEYS) typically operate as descriptive or analytic epidemiology

surveillance

(SURVEILLANCE/LONGITUDINAL SURVEYS) is/are typically a system maintained through government agencies.

longitudinal surveys

(SURVEILLANCE/LONGITUDINAL SURVEYS) is/are typically maintained through research teams.

system

A regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming a unified whole

surveillance system

a network of people and institutions that run surveillance

surveillance system

A ___________ _____________ can have my types of participants. They are broken down into the following groups:

• data provider

• central unit

• response unit

• communication system

data provider

A surveillance system can have my types of participants. They are broken down into the following groups:

• ______ ___________

• central unit

• response unit

• communication system

central unit

A surveillance system can have my types of participants. They are broken down into the following groups:

• data provider

• ________ ______

• response unit

• communication system

response unit

A surveillance system can have my types of participants. They are broken down into the following groups:

• data provider

• central unit

• _________ ______

• communication system

communication system

A surveillance system can have my types of participants. They are broken down into the following groups:

• data provider

• central unit

• response unit

• ___________ ________

Data provider

Surveillance system group responsible for observation, data collection, and reporting to the central unit.

central unit

Surveillance system group responsible for gathering and aggregating information from data providers, analyzing data, and coordinating the system.

response unit

Surveillance system group responsible for intervention on the order of the central unit.

communication system

Surveillance system group responsible for informing data providers and the public about a situation.

true

(TRUE/FALSE): Veterinarians can contribute to every group participating in surveillance systems.

animal health

Goals of animal health surveillance

• maintain and improve

• _______ ________

• economic viability of animal-based food production systems

• protection of the health of the public

• control of zoonotic disease

• control of foodborne disease

economic viability

Goals of animal health surveillance

• maintain and improve

  • animal health

  • ___________ ______________ of animal-based food production systems

• protection of the health of the public

  • control of zoonotic disease

  • control of foodborne disease

zoonotic

Goals of animal health surveillance

• maintain and improve

  • animal health

  • economic viability of animal-based food production systems

• protection of the health of the public

  • control of _____________ disease

  • control of foodborne disease

foodborne

Goals of animal health surveillance

• maintain and improve

  • animal health

  • economic viability of animal-based food production systems

• protection of the health of the public

  • control of zoonotic disease

  • control of _______________ disease

detection

Purposes of surveillance

1. disease _____________

2. disease control, elimination, and eradication

3. evaluate disease control/biosecurity programs

4. produce disease information

5. assess population health and food safety

control, eradication

Purposes of surveillance

1. disease detection

2. disease _________, elimination, and ____________

3. evaluate disease control/biosecurity programs

4. produce disease information

5. assess population health and food safety

evaluate

Purposes of surveillance

1. disease detection

2. disease control, elimination, and eradication

3. _____________ disease control/biosecurity programs

4. produce disease information

5. assess population health and food safety

disease information

Purposes of surveillance

1. disease detection

2. disease control, elimination, and eradication

3. evaluate disease control/biosecurity programs

4. produce __________ ____________

5. assess population health and food safety

population health

Purposes of surveillance

1. disease detection

2. disease control, elimination, and eradication

3. evaluate disease control/biosecurity programs

4. produce disease information

5. assess __________ _________ and food safety

food safety

Purposes of surveillance

1. disease detection

2. disease control, elimination, and eradication

3. evaluate disease control/biosecurity programs

4. produce disease information

5. assess population health and _________ __________

false

(TRUE/FALSE): A surveillance system is always trying to achieve all 5 “purposes”

true

(TRUE/FALSE): A surveillance system is always trying to achieve 1 or more “purposes”

disease detection

Early _________ _________ prevents disease spreading and losses through direct and indirect costs.

direct, indirect

Early disease detection prevents disease spreading and losses through ________ and _________ costs.

direct costs

_________ ______ of disease are caused by the disease itself. These can include death and production losses.

death, losses

Direct costs of disease are caused by the disease itself. These can include _________ and production ___________.

indirect costs

_________ _________ of disease are caused by the human response. These can include treatments and changes in tourism.

human response

Indirect costs of disease are caused by the _________ _________. These can include treatments and changes in tourism.

disease detection

_________ __________ looks for abnormal numbers of disease cases. These can be the presence of foreign or emerging diseases, or they can be an increase in the number of cases of an endemic disease.

numbers

Disease detection looks for abnormal __________ of disease cases. These can be the presence of foreign or emerging diseases, or they can be an increase in the number of cases of an endemic disease.

endemic

Disease detection looks for abnormal numbers of disease cases. These can be the presence of foreign or emerging diseases, or they can be an increase in the number of cases of an __________ disease.

control, elimination

Surveillance systems aid in disease _________ and ____________ during an outbreak by

• identifying suspect or infected farms for stamping out

• situational intelligence

  • assessing situation

  • problem identification

situational intelligence

Surveillance systems aid in disease control and elimination during an outbreak by

• identifying suspect or infected farms for stamping out

• __________ _________

• assessing situation

• problem identification

disease elimination program

Surveillance systems aid in disease control and elimination by establishing a ________ __________ _________, such as the TB slaughter program in the USA.

effectiveness

Surveillance systems evaluate _____________ of

• disease control and biosecurity programs

• border security programs

This allows detection of failures in these programs

biosecurity

Surveillance systems evaluate effectiveness of

• disease control and ____________ programs

• border security programs

This allows detection of failures in these programs

disease control

Surveillance systems evaluate effectiveness of

• _________ _________ and biosecurity programs

• border security programs

This allows detection of failures in these programs

border security

Surveillance systems evaluate effectiveness of

• disease control and biosecurity programs

• ________ ________ programs

This allows detection of failures in these programs

failures

Surveillance systems evaluate effectiveness of

• disease control and biosecurity programs

• border security programs

This allows detection of ____________ in these programs

population health, food safety

Surveillance systems aid in assessment of ______ _______ and ________ ________.

* WOAH member nations are required to
* estimate the disease risk associated with their animals and animal products
* report the occurrence of listed and emerging disease

WOAH

Surveillance systems aid in assessment of population health and food safety.

* __________ member nations are required to
* estimate the disease risk associated with their animals and animal products
* report the occurrence of listed and emerging disease

estimate, disease risk

Surveillance systems aid in assessment of population health and food safety.

* WOAH member nations are required to
* _________ the _________ ______ associated with their animals and animal products
* report the occurrence of listed and emerging disease

report, occurrence

Surveillance systems aid in assessment of population health and food safety.

* WOAH member nations are required to
* estimate the disease risk associated with their animals and animal products
* ________ the _____________ of listed and emerging disease

surveillance

When concerns arise with trade (WTO), borders close, but open faster with good ____________

closed

When concerns arise with trade (WTO), borders with inadequate surveillance will be _________.

relevance

Surveillance programs can create disease information. This allows us to

• evaluate the importance or ___________ of diseases

• Identify changes in epidemiology

  • distributions

  • potential risk factors

epidemiology

Surveillance programs can create disease information. This allows us to

• evaluate the importance or relevance of diseases

• Identify changes in _______________

  • distributions

  • potential risk factors

components

The ______________ of surveillance include

• detection

• response

• communication

detection

The components of surveillance include

• __________

• response

• communication

response

The components of surveillance include

• detection

• __________

• communication

communication

The components of surveillance include

• detection

• response

• _____________

detection

Outbreak investigation and all laboratory tests contribute to __________ of health events.

surveillance

When a case is detected, the immediate response to disease outbreaks and events is considered part of ______________. It is a pre-determined/defined response to a defined event.

determined

When a case is detected, the immediate response to disease outbreaks and events is considered part of surveillance. It is a pre-___________/defined response to a defined event.

communication

________________ is vital to the data providers of the surveillance (absence of disease, effectiveness of control, changing patterns, and outbreak management) and for the authorities responsible for emergency preparedness or policy.

data providers

Communication is vital to the _______ ____________ of the surveillance (absence of disease, effectiveness of control, changing patterns, and outbreak management) and for the authorities responsible for emergency preparedness or policy.

authorities

Communication is vital to the data providers of the surveillance (absence of disease, effectiveness of control, changing patterns, and outbreak management) and for the ___________ responsible for emergency preparedness or policy.

policy

Communication is vital to the data providers of the surveillance (absence of disease, effectiveness of control, changing patterns, and outbreak management) and for the authorities responsible for emergency preparedness or ________.

passive surveillance

Spontaneous report of cases or suspicion of disease. Submission is initiated by and at the discretion of the data provider. The Central Unit does not actively look for the disease.

passive surveillance

Most common type of surveillance.

passive surveillance

A reportable disease program (where clinicians/laboratories/farmers are obligated by law to report cases and make reports) is a form of

inexpensive

Passive surveillance is beneficial because it is ____________ and continuous. It is helpful in identifying emerging disease.

continuous

Passive surveillance is beneficial because it is inexpensive and ____________. It is helpful in identifying emerging disease.

passive

___________ surveillance is beneficial because it is inexpensive and continuous. It is helpful in identifying emerging disease.

passive

__________ surveillance is flawed. There is no control on the origin of data, and often not representative of a population. There is no report of stigmatized diseases.

origin

Passive surveillance is flawed. There is no control on the ________ of data, and often not representative of a population. There is no report of stigmatized diseases.

representative

Passive surveillance is flawed. There is no control on the origin of data, and often not _____________ of a population. There is no report of stigmatized diseases.

stigmatized

Passive surveillance is flawed. There is no control on the origin of data, and often not representative of a population. There is no report of __________ diseases.

Active surveillance

Committed effort of the central unit to obtain samples/data. There is a search for cases of disease or data.

central unit

Active surveillance is a committed effort of the _________ ______ to obtain samples/data. There is a search for cases of disease or data.

exhaustive, sampling

Active surveillance can be ____________ (such as with brucella in European goats) or through representative __________.

active

___________ surveillance often gives a good representation of the population and a valid estimate of disease occurrence, but is expensive and labor intensive. It is rarely done.

population

Active surveillance often gives a good representation of the __________ and a valid estimate of disease occurrence, but is expensive and labor intensive. It is rarely done.

disease occurrence

Active surveillance often gives a good representation of the population and a valid estimate of _________ _____________, but is expensive and labor intensive. It is rarely done.

expensive

Active surveillance often gives a good representation of the population and a valid estimate of disease occurrence, but is ____________ and labor intensive. It is rarely done.

labor

Active surveillance often gives a good representation of the population and a valid estimate of disease occurrence, but is expensive and ________ intensive. It is rarely done.

active targeted surveillance

Active surveillance with a biased subject selection.

active targeted

__________ ___________ surveillance offers efficiency (enhanced disease detection for a lower cost) and assessment of the freedom of disease. It’s not representative of the population, and provides less accurate data for estimating the amount of disease.

efficiency, freedom

Active targeted surveillance offers ___________ (enhanced disease detection for a lower cost) and assessment of the ____________ of disease. It’s not representative of the population, and provides less accurate data for estimating the amount of disease.

not representative

Active targeted surveillance offers efficiency (enhanced disease detection for a lower cost) and assessment of the freedom of disease. It’s ______ _______________ of the population, and provides less accurate data for estimating the amount of disease.

less accurate

Active targeted surveillance offers efficiency (enhanced disease detection for a lower cost) and assessment of the freedom of disease. It’s not representative of the population, and provides _______ ___________ data for estimating the amount of disease.