United States History II Honors Midterm Study Set

history midterm

Kellogg Brand Pact

A pact that condemned war as a way to solve conflicts; led to appeasement politics

Washington Naval Conference

Conferences in which world powers agreed on a set amount of naval ships allowed; resulted in Japan becoming angered as they were allowed fewer ships.

Appeasement

give dictators what they want, in hopes they won't want more

USS Panay

Japanese aircraft sank the USS Panay on China's River, Japan claimed they didn't see the American Flags on the ship and paid affected families.

Fascism

A way of organizing a society in which a government ruled by a dictator controls the lives of the people and in which people are not allowed to disagree with the government

Neutrality Acts

Americans cannot travel on belligerent ships, belligerents could not purchase non-military goods, and must pay cash; cash and carry

Rhineland

occupied by German troops in March 1936

Sudetenland

acquired by Germany after Munich Conference

Munich Conference

when Germany acquired Sudtenland from Czechoslovakia

Adolf Hitler

dictator of Germany provided scapegoats to manipulate German citizens

Destroyers for Bases Deal

America will lease ships out to help the allies

Lend Lease Act

"lended" US war materials to the "Government of any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the US."

WWII Home Front

a time of economic changes, productivity, and high employment

Battle of Britain

Germany advances into Britain's main island though mostly air strike attacks

Pearl Harbor

Americans were taken completely by surprise, the first wave targeted airfields, with a second using ships

Midway

major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of WWII; became the turning point of the pacific war

D-Day

bloody battle located on the Beaches of Normandy, France; GOAL: land and drive out the Germans

Island Hopping

war strategy in the pacific, bypassing major strong points hitting weak spots, and gaining air superiority

Korematsu v. U.S.

landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States to uphold the exclusion of Japanese Americans from the West Coast Military Area during World War II

Home Front Economic Changes

end of the depression, growth in the federal government workforce, wages rose and union memberships thrived

HomeFront, Productivity

"war production board" supplies military

Office of War Mobilization

coordinated military and labor needs

Truman Committee

started to expose waste and fraud in defense of the military, personal inspections of factories, and military installations that saved taxpayers $

Financing WWII

war bonds, borrowing from banks and private investors, raising taxes, and spending more than 321 billion

Controlling WWII Economy

office of price administration controlled prices and inflation, rations, shortages, and controls

War Service

16.1 million Americans served in WWII with an estimated 292,000 soldiers killed

purpose of gov. prompted patriotism

kept up morale; convinced citizens to ration, and campaign for war bonds, many women were encouraged into factory work and coordinated the release of war news

Women During WWII

began working to fill jobs that traditionally men filled, faced gender discrimination, lower wages, and concerns with children

Holocaust Overview

15-18 million died, and victims were primarily Jews, Slavs, and Roma, Hitler scapegoated this group of people based on a traditional underlying hatred of Jews in the country

Eugenics'

"Race Science" scientific attempts at racial purity, legitimization of racial hatred from the Nazi regime

Basis of Nazi Theory

Anti-semitism and race science

Persecution (1935-1939)

aimed to eliminate Jewish influence in german life

Ghettoization (1939-1941)

Jews were rounded up from all over Europe and forced into walled cities; ghettos in Poland and Russia

Final Solution (1941-1945)

Jews and others were systematically eliminated with increasingly efficient methods

Diaspora

Jews scattered throughout Europe

Assimilation

Jews blended into the society of western Europe

Segregation of Jewish People in Europe

Jews live in separate communities in Eastern Europe

Nuremberg Trials

Indictments: Crimes Against Peace, Crimes Against Humanity, War Crimes

Nazi Defense

"We were just following orders"

Einsatzgruppen

Special Mobile unit made of 500-1000 hand-picked soldiers tasked to seek out and kill Jews, communist officials, and any other enemies

Gas Vans

effective way of extermination; 40-50 people could be killed at a time

Kristallnacht (night of broken glass)

anti-jewish riots across Germany, Jewish homes ransacked, Jewish businesses and synagogues burned, Jews sent to concentration camps

T-4 Program

Nazis euthanized handicapped, and mentally ill and incurably 11-70,000 killed

The economy during the 1920s

consumer oriented with many new electric products that transformed daily life such as radios and cars

Politics in the 1920s

republicans controlled congress with a hands-off approach to regulation

What political party did the South almost always vote for (the 1920s democrats

Causes of the Great Depression

economic weaknesses, overproduction of agriculture, the coal, railroad, and textile industries being in distress, auto and construction were in decline, and small bank failures

What was the bonus army

vets wanted their pension checks early the military had to force them out of Washington America was mad

Hoover's reaction to the Great Depression

Hoover gave no direct relief and was blamed for the worsening conditions

The New Deal

Roosevelt's policy to end the Great Depression

The purpose of the New Deal

creates a welfare state, increase federal power, shift the balance of power from congress to the president, deficit spending, and labor unions

Recovery

to help businesses recover

Relief

to help the unemployed people

Reform

to keep depression from happening again

Hundred Days

emergency banking act that gave FDR power over the banks and foreign exchange. Banks could reopen when they could prove they were solvent

Francis Perkins

the first woman ever to serve on a presidential cabinet

Court-packing scheme

Congress determines how many federal judges/ justices there are; FDR proposed for every justice who reaches 70 the president may choose an additional judge

Social Security Act

set that the government had a responsibility for the aged, the disabled, the dependent, and those temporarily unemployed

Fair Labor Standards

national minimum wage, 40-hour work weeks, outlawed child labor

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

to construct dams and power plants along the Tennessee Valley as well as fertilizer plants

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

gave grants to states to fund relief efforts

Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

provides mortgage insurance on single-family, multifamily, manufactured home, and hospital loans

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

built highways, public buildings, parks, bridges, and airports; money for the arts to employ writers, performers, and artists

Farm Credit Administration (FCA)

refinances farm mortgages and offers credit under favorable terms

Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act

workers were permitted to unionize, bargain collectively, strike

National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

ran union elections and settled disputes

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

provided work immediately for young men in rainforestation, road construction, and developing national parks

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

monitored the wall street

Basic Ideas of Communism

all property is collectively owned, labor is organized for the common advantage of the community, everyone works to the best of their ability, no social classes, no need for central government authority, and no religion

Hegel and his theory

of historical change takes place through a conflict of opposing ideas

Marx's thoughts on life after communism

all classes would disappear and class struggles would end