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Kellogg Brand Pact
A pact that condemned war as a way to solve conflicts; led to appeasement politics
Washington Naval Conference
Conferences in which world powers agreed on a set amount of naval ships allowed; resulted in Japan becoming angered as they were allowed fewer ships.
Appeasement
give dictators what they want, in hopes they won't want more
USS Panay
Japanese aircraft sank the USS Panay on China's River, Japan claimed they didn't see the American Flags on the ship and paid affected families.
Fascism
A way of organizing a society in which a government ruled by a dictator controls the lives of the people and in which people are not allowed to disagree with the government
Neutrality Acts
Americans cannot travel on belligerent ships, belligerents could not purchase non-military goods, and must pay cash; cash and carry
Rhineland
occupied by German troops in March 1936
Sudetenland
acquired by Germany after Munich Conference
Munich Conference
when Germany acquired Sudtenland from Czechoslovakia
Adolf Hitler
dictator of Germany provided scapegoats to manipulate German citizens
Destroyers for Bases Deal
America will lease ships out to help the allies
Lend Lease Act
"lended" US war materials to the "Government of any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the US."
WWII Home Front
a time of economic changes, productivity, and high employment
Battle of Britain
Germany advances into Britain's main island though mostly air strike attacks
Pearl Harbor
Americans were taken completely by surprise, the first wave targeted airfields, with a second using ships
Midway
major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of WWII; became the turning point of the pacific war
D-Day
bloody battle located on the Beaches of Normandy, France; GOAL: land and drive out the Germans
Island Hopping
war strategy in the pacific, bypassing major strong points hitting weak spots, and gaining air superiority
Korematsu v. U.S.
landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States to uphold the exclusion of Japanese Americans from the West Coast Military Area during World War II
Home Front Economic Changes
end of the depression, growth in the federal government workforce, wages rose and union memberships thrived
HomeFront, Productivity
"war production board" supplies military
Office of War Mobilization
coordinated military and labor needs
Truman Committee
started to expose waste and fraud in defense of the military, personal inspections of factories, and military installations that saved taxpayers $
Financing WWII
war bonds, borrowing from banks and private investors, raising taxes, and spending more than 321 billion
Controlling WWII Economy
office of price administration controlled prices and inflation, rations, shortages, and controls
War Service
16.1 million Americans served in WWII with an estimated 292,000 soldiers killed
purpose of gov. prompted patriotism
kept up morale; convinced citizens to ration, and campaign for war bonds, many women were encouraged into factory work and coordinated the release of war news
Women During WWII
began working to fill jobs that traditionally men filled, faced gender discrimination, lower wages, and concerns with children
Holocaust Overview
15-18 million died, and victims were primarily Jews, Slavs, and Roma, Hitler scapegoated this group of people based on a traditional underlying hatred of Jews in the country
Eugenics'
"Race Science" scientific attempts at racial purity, legitimization of racial hatred from the Nazi regime
Basis of Nazi Theory
Anti-semitism and race science
Persecution (1935-1939)
aimed to eliminate Jewish influence in german life
Ghettoization (1939-1941)
Jews were rounded up from all over Europe and forced into walled cities; ghettos in Poland and Russia
Final Solution (1941-1945)
Jews and others were systematically eliminated with increasingly efficient methods
Diaspora
Jews scattered throughout Europe
Assimilation
Jews blended into the society of western Europe
Segregation of Jewish People in Europe
Jews live in separate communities in Eastern Europe
Nuremberg Trials
Indictments: Crimes Against Peace, Crimes Against Humanity, War Crimes
Nazi Defense
"We were just following orders"
Einsatzgruppen
Special Mobile unit made of 500-1000 hand-picked soldiers tasked to seek out and kill Jews, communist officials, and any other enemies
Gas Vans
effective way of extermination; 40-50 people could be killed at a time
Kristallnacht (night of broken glass)
anti-jewish riots across Germany, Jewish homes ransacked, Jewish businesses and synagogues burned, Jews sent to concentration camps
T-4 Program
Nazis euthanized handicapped, and mentally ill and incurably 11-70,000 killed
The economy during the 1920s
consumer oriented with many new electric products that transformed daily life such as radios and cars
Politics in the 1920s
republicans controlled congress with a hands-off approach to regulation
What political party did the South almost always vote for (the 1920s democrats
Causes of the Great Depression
economic weaknesses, overproduction of agriculture, the coal, railroad, and textile industries being in distress, auto and construction were in decline, and small bank failures
What was the bonus army
vets wanted their pension checks early the military had to force them out of Washington America was mad
Hoover's reaction to the Great Depression
Hoover gave no direct relief and was blamed for the worsening conditions
The New Deal
Roosevelt's policy to end the Great Depression
The purpose of the New Deal
creates a welfare state, increase federal power, shift the balance of power from congress to the president, deficit spending, and labor unions
Recovery
to help businesses recover
Relief
to help the unemployed people
Reform
to keep depression from happening again
Hundred Days
emergency banking act that gave FDR power over the banks and foreign exchange. Banks could reopen when they could prove they were solvent
Francis Perkins
the first woman ever to serve on a presidential cabinet
Court-packing scheme
Congress determines how many federal judges/ justices there are; FDR proposed for every justice who reaches 70 the president may choose an additional judge
Social Security Act
set that the government had a responsibility for the aged, the disabled, the dependent, and those temporarily unemployed
Fair Labor Standards
national minimum wage, 40-hour work weeks, outlawed child labor
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
to construct dams and power plants along the Tennessee Valley as well as fertilizer plants
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
gave grants to states to fund relief efforts
Federal Housing Administration (FHA)
provides mortgage insurance on single-family, multifamily, manufactured home, and hospital loans
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
built highways, public buildings, parks, bridges, and airports; money for the arts to employ writers, performers, and artists
Farm Credit Administration (FCA)
refinances farm mortgages and offers credit under favorable terms
Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act
workers were permitted to unionize, bargain collectively, strike
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
ran union elections and settled disputes
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
provided work immediately for young men in rainforestation, road construction, and developing national parks
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
monitored the wall street
Basic Ideas of Communism
all property is collectively owned, labor is organized for the common advantage of the community, everyone works to the best of their ability, no social classes, no need for central government authority, and no religion
Hegel and his theory
of historical change takes place through a conflict of opposing ideas
Marx's thoughts on life after communism
all classes would disappear and class struggles would end
Note 
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