ESCI 204 midterm

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 1 person
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Get a hint
Hint

Diatoms

Get a hint
Hint
<p>about .1 mm- on the larger side </p>
<p>2 groups- centric and pennate</p>
<p>often form long chains</p>

about .1 mm- on the larger side

2 groups- centric and pennate

often form long chains

Get a hint
Hint

Dinoflagellates

Get a hint
Hint
<p>.5 mm- largest phytoplankton</p>
<p>2 flagella for motion</p>
<p>half photosynthetic, half heterotrophic</p>

.5 mm- largest phytoplankton

2 flagella for motion

half photosynthetic, half heterotrophic

Card Sorting

1/88

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

89 Terms

1
New cards

Diatoms

about .1 mm- on the larger side

2 groups- centric and pennate

often form long chains

<p>about .1 mm- on the larger side </p>
<p>2 groups- centric and pennate</p>
<p>often form long chains</p>
2
New cards

Dinoflagellates

.5 mm- largest phytoplankton

2 flagella for motion

half photosynthetic, half heterotrophic

<p>.5 mm- largest phytoplankton</p>
<p>2 flagella for motion</p>
<p>half photosynthetic, half heterotrophic</p>
3
New cards

Cyanobacteria

.00005 mm-.04 mm

photosynthetic

3 important genera- synechococcus, trichodesmium, and prochlorococcus

<p>.00005 mm-.04 mm</p>
<p>photosynthetic </p>
<p>3 important genera- synechococcus, trichodesmium, and prochlorococcus</p>
4
New cards

Microflagellates

.01 mm

many other groups of flagellated phytoplankton

<p>.01 mm</p>
<p>many other groups of flagellated phytoplankton</p>
5
New cards

radiolarian

silica shells

<p>silica shells </p>
6
New cards

foraminifera

calcium carbonate shells

<p>calcium carbonate shells</p>
7
New cards

copepods

Grazers of phytoplankton, “smell” chemical plumes

<p>Grazers of phytoplankton, “smell” chemical plumes </p>
8
New cards

euphasids

a type of krill, they have eyes- light sensitive

<p>a type of krill, they have eyes- light sensitive</p>
9
New cards

chaetognaths

predatory worms

<p>predatory worms</p>
10
New cards

ctenophores

collect prey using their sticky cells or engulf prey

<p>collect prey using their sticky cells or engulf prey</p>
11
New cards

Salps

tunicates- enclosed in a tunic with openings at either end

pump water thru gelatinous bodies

<p>tunicates- enclosed in a tunic with openings at either end </p>
<p>pump water thru gelatinous bodies </p>
12
New cards

Appendicularians (oikopleura)

mucus house builders

<p>mucus house builders </p>
13
New cards

Crab larvae

knowt flashcard image
14
New cards

polychaete larvae

knowt flashcard image
15
New cards

Barnacle cyprid

knowt flashcard image
16
New cards

ichthyoplankton

knowt flashcard image
17
New cards

barnacles

knowt flashcard image
18
New cards

mussel

knowt flashcard image
19
New cards

sea stars

knowt flashcard image
20
New cards

anemones

knowt flashcard image
21
New cards

sea urchin

knowt flashcard image
22
New cards

chitons

knowt flashcard image
23
New cards

hydrothermal vent giant tubeworms

knowt flashcard image
24
New cards

pompeii worms

knowt flashcard image
25
New cards

hagfish

knowt flashcard image
26
New cards

Osedax

bone boring worm

<p>bone boring worm</p>
27
New cards

brain coral

knowt flashcard image
28
New cards

branching coral

knowt flashcard image
29
New cards

continental shelf

knowt flashcard image
30
New cards

Continental slope

knowt flashcard image
31
New cards

continental rise

knowt flashcard image
32
New cards

submarine canyon

knowt flashcard image
33
New cards

abyssal plain

knowt flashcard image
34
New cards

mid-ocean ridge

knowt flashcard image
35
New cards

transform fault

knowt flashcard image
36
New cards

deep-sea trench

knowt flashcard image
37
New cards

seamount

knowt flashcard image
38
New cards

guyot

knowt flashcard image
39
New cards

atoll

ring of coral left behind after island sinks

<p>ring of coral left behind after island sinks </p>
40
New cards

geological forces that drive plate tectonics and seafloor spreading

pieces of the lithosphere are constantly in motion because of heating/gravity, they move the asthenosphere along with them but gravity is the main force that drives tectonics

<p>pieces of the lithosphere are constantly in motion because of heating/gravity, they move the asthenosphere along with them but gravity is the main force that drives tectonics</p>
41
New cards

pressure gradients

caused by sea slope (barotropic) or difference in density (baroclinic)

42
New cards

Coriolis effect

objects in motion appearing to be thrown off course because of Earth’s rotation, North=right and South=left

43
New cards

wind

net average flow is 90 degrees to the right of the wind in the North, left in the South

44
New cards

friction

180 degrees to the direction of motion, slows things down and prevents them from going too fast

45
New cards

gyres

tend to circulate around mounds- indicate high pressure

<p>tend to circulate around mounds- indicate high pressure</p>
46
New cards

equatorial currents

north and south equatorial gyres

<p>north and south equatorial gyres</p>
47
New cards

equatorial counter currents

goes right through the middle

<p>goes right through the middle </p>
48
New cards

Antarctic circumpolar current

knowt flashcard image
49
New cards

upwelling

caused by 2 currents crashing into each other, mixes all layers of the ocean and brings nutrients + cold water to the surface

<p>caused by 2 currents crashing into each other, mixes all layers of the ocean and brings nutrients + cold water to the surface</p>
50
New cards

generation of great ocean conveyor belt

caused by temperature and salinity in deep ocean, and wind driven currents on the surface, helps mix the water so there are nutrients at the top and phytoplankton to feed the deep

<p>caused by temperature and salinity in deep ocean, and wind driven currents on the surface, helps mix the water so there are nutrients at the top and phytoplankton to feed the deep</p>
51
New cards

deep water chemistry changes in the conveyor

they lose salinity and gain temperature and sometimes the reverse, and nutrients get pushed up to the surface for phytoplankton

52
New cards

average salinity

35%

53
New cards

average temp

20 degrees C

54
New cards

average density

1.03 g/cm^3

55
New cards

thermocline

steep temperature gradient in water, usually has a layer where the temperature is different above/below it

56
New cards

halocline

steep salinity gradient in water, has a layer where the salinity sharply increases

57
New cards

pycnocline

steep density gradient in water, density goes up with depth- there’s a layer where there’s a sharp decrease

58
New cards

nutricline

a sharp decrease in nutrients as the depth increases

59
New cards

stratification

separation of things into different groups/layers- reduces mixing, traps phytoplankton at the top with light

60
New cards

limiting factor of productivity in open ocean ecosystems

light is highest at the top, nutrients are highest at the bottom, phytoplankton (the base of the food web) need both to thrive

61
New cards

Redfield ratio

C:N:P=106:16:1

62
New cards

diatom life cycle

asexual or sexual repro possible

<p>asexual or sexual repro possible </p>
63
New cards

dinoflagellate life cycle

usually asexual reproduction w mitosis

<p>usually asexual reproduction w mitosis</p>
64
New cards

gross production

overall production of phytoplankton

65
New cards

net production

production of phytoplankton minus the energy it takes for them to be able to produce

66
New cards

respiration

opposite of photosynthesis

67
New cards

phytoplankton diversity

different phytoplankton thrive in different conditions- small ones use energy more efficiently but large ones are harder to eat

68
New cards

small phytoplankton are better

they use energy more efficiently, sink slower, grow/divide faster

69
New cards

why are large phytoplankton common in Puget Sound?

there are 2 different areas for stratification and mixing so it’s easier to grow larger

70
New cards

primary basins in Puget Sound

Hood Canal, whidbey basin, south sound, main basin

71
New cards

sills in Puget Sound

admiralty inlet sill, hood canal sill, tacoma narrows sill

72
New cards

why is puget sound so productive?

highly nutritious environment due to many mixing areas and various rivers flowing into the sound

73
New cards

paralytic shellfish poisoning

humans eat mussels and clams that have consumed dinoflagellates that produce neurotoxins

74
New cards

how do oceanographers create maps of phytoplankton from space?

they measure color/certain wavelengths that indicate phytoplankton

75
New cards

Limiting nutrients

N, P, Fe

76
New cards

holoplankton

spend their entire lives as plankton

77
New cards

meroplankton

spend part of their lives as plankton- usually a larval stage for a larger fish/invertebrate

78
New cards

Reynold’s number

The ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces (predicts whether flow is laminar or turbulent), copepods need low numbers to graze effectively

79
New cards

how to estimate phytoplankton and zooplankton grazing per capita with the dilution method

increased dilution of the seawater spreads out the phytoplankton and zooplankton so that it’s harder for the zooplankton to graze on phytoplankton.

80
New cards

Why do zooplankton perform diel vertical migration?

they go to the surface at night so they can eat, and they go to the bottom during the day to avoid predation by seeing predators

81
New cards

what causes vertical zonation patterns- intertidal rocky benthos

as you go down the layers, physical stress decreases due to proximity to the water but biological stress goes up due to more predators

82
New cards

competition between chthamalus, balanus, and mytilus

chthamalus grows first/fastest, then balanus arrives and begins to take over the lower areas of chthamalus. then mytilus arrives and overgrows both of them as high as it can go.

83
New cards

where are hydrothermal vents found?

spreading centers

84
New cards

energy source for hydrothermal vents

mantle heats fluid and reduces their density

85
New cards

4 stages of whale falls

1-mobile scavenger phase

2-enrichment opportunist phase- bone worms

3- sulphophilic phase

4- reef stage

86
New cards

food source during sulphophilic stage

anaerobic respiration in bones produces sulfide

87
New cards

how do whale falls serve as stepping stones for dispersal of hydrothermal vent species?

hydrothermal vent species shoot out larvae, they find a whale fall to attach to so they can shoot out more larvae to look for a new hydrothermal vent

88
New cards

stages of coral reef succession

fringing reef- reef surrounding an island

barrier reef- the reef forms a barrier far out from the island

atoll- the island is below the water but there’s still a ring of reef

89
New cards

high diversity in deep sea benthic communities

long lived, stable habitats, large habitat area, high levels of food production/energy, intermediate predation, highly complex habitat, heterogeneous food resources