Key Concepts in Cardiac and Renal Pathophysiology

This set of flashcards includes key medical terms and definitions related to cardiac and renal pathophysiology, suited for exam preparation.

Oxygen therapy

A medical treatment using oxygen to reduce workload on the heart and increase oxygen delivery.

Antimicrobial resistance

The ability of microorganisms to resist the effects of medications that once effectively treated them.

Coronary Artery Disease

A condition characterized by the obstruction of blood flow within the coronary arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis

A disease in which plaque builds up on the artery walls, leading to reduced blood flow.

Stable angina

Chest pain that occurs during physical activity and is relieved by rest.

Unstable angina

Chest pain that occurs at rest and is a medical emergency.

MONA protocol

A treatment regimen for chest pain including Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, and Aspirin.

Heart failure

A condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

A condition characterized by the thickening and narrowing of arteries, limiting blood flow to limbs.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

A blood clot that forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs, which can lead to serious complications.

Sickle Cell Disease

A genetic disorder characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin, leading to distorted red blood cells.

Anemia

A deficiency in the number or quality of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin, or hematocrit.

Diabetes Mellitus

A metabolic disorder marked by abnormal glucose metabolism, leading to high blood sugar.

Hypertension

An elevated blood pressure condition that can lead to cardiovascular disease if untreated.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

A progressive loss of kidney function over months or years.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

An infection in any part of the urinary system, typically caused by bacteria.

Cushing’s Syndrome

A condition resulting from prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, leading to various hormonal imbalances.

Hyperparathyroidism

An overproduction of parathyroid hormone, leading to elevated levels of calcium in the blood.

Hypoparathyroidism

A deficiency of parathyroid hormone, leading to low levels of calcium in the blood.