Labs 1 & 2: A&PII Lab Practical Study Guide

A

nissl bodies

B

dendrites

C

soma

D

nucleus

E

neuroplasm

F

axon hillock

G

axon

H

schwann cell

A

nissl bodies

B

neuroglia

C

nucleus

D

axon hillock

L

posterior median sulcus

M

posterior/dorsal horn

N

lateral column

O

lateral horn

P

gray commissure

Q

anterior horn

R

anterior median fissure

S

pia mater

T

arachnoid mater

U

dura mater

V

white matter

W

central canal

X

rootlets

Y

posterior root of spinal nerve

Z

dorsal root ganglion

AA

Spinal nerve

BB

anterior root of spinal nerve

What are letters S, T, and U?

meninges

D

posterior median sulcus

E

dorsal horn

F

gray commissure

G

white matter

H

central canal

I

cell bodies

J

anterior horn

K

anterior median fissure

LL

spinous process of vertebra

MM

fat in epidural space

NN

subarachnoid space

OO

spinal cord

PP

denticulate ligament

QQ

posterior root ganglion

RR

spinal nerve

SS

vertebral body

TT

dura mater

UU

arachnoid mater

VV

pia mater

WW

posterior root

XX

anterior root

A

posterior root

B

posterior ramus

C

posterior root ganglion

D

anterior ramus

E

anterior root

F

vertebral body

G

spinous process of vertebra

H

muscles of back

I

spinal cord

J

transverse process of vertebra

K

spinal nerve

L

meningeal branch

M

communicating rami

N

sympathetic ganglion

How many cranial nerves are there?

12

How many spinal nerves are there?

31

Neuroglia of the CNS

astrocyte, microglia, oligodendrocyte, ependymal

Neuroglia of the PNS

Schwann cells, satellite cells

Most common type of neuroglia?

astrocyte

Function of astrocyte

Regulating blood brain barrier

Clearing excess neurotransmitters

Help synapse formation

Nourishes neurons

Function of microglia

Phagocytosis

Injury repair

Brain development

Function of oligodendrocyte

Generate and maintain myelin in CNS

Increase speed of axonal signal conduction

Function of ependymal cells

Control production and flow of cerebrospinal fluid

Brain metabolism

Waste clearance

Function of satellite cells

Support cells that surround soma of PNS

Function of Schwann cells

Produce myelin in PNS

Where are the ganglia of the ANS found?

Along the brainstem and spinal cord

What are the rami?

branches of spinal nerves: meningeal, communicating, dorsal, ventral

What are sulci?

shallow grooves of brain

What are fissures?

deep grooves of brain

Where does the CSF flow within the meninges?

the subarachnoid space

What types of tests could test cerebellar function?

Test of balance, finger to nose, heel to shin

What are gyri?

ridge on the cerebral cortex

What does rostral mean?

towards the nose (anterior part of head)

What does caudal mean?

towards the tail