Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 1 - Flashcards (Review)

Flashcards cover history, scope, ethics, terminology, biosafety/biorisk, lab organization, QA, education, CPD, and Philippine regulations relevant to Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 1.

What does RA 5527 (Medical Technology Act of 1969) define in the Philippines?

The scope and practice of medical technology/medical laboratory science, including licensure and regulation of the profession.

Name three major sections of the clinical laboratory where medical technologists perform tests.

Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology (including bacteriology, mycobacteriology, mycology, virology), and Hematology.

What is the difference between a medical technologist and a medical laboratory technician as defined in the Philippines?

A medical technologist is licensed to practice MT/MLS and perform advanced testing; a medical laboratory technician is a trained personnel who assists MTs and/or pathologists and may have different licensure qualifications.

Define the Clinical Laboratory Act of 1966 (R.A. 4688).

An act regulating the operation and maintenance of clinical laboratories and requiring license/registration with the Department of Health.

What are the three phases of the Laboratory Testing Cycle?

Pre-analytic (request, specimen collection/transport), Analytic (actual testing), Post-analytic (reporting/interpretation).

What does Turnaround Time (TAT) refer to in the clinical laboratory context?

The time interval from when a laboratory test is requested to when the result is reported to the clinician.

What is the AMP model in biorisk management?

A three-part framework: Assessment, Mitigation, and Performance (BRM).

What are the four WHO Risk Groups for microorganisms?

Risk Groups 1–4: RG1 unlikely to cause disease; RG2 unlikely to be a significant risk; RG3 may cause serious disease; RG4 causes life-threatening disease with no available treatment.

Describe Biosafety Levels (BSL-1 to BSL-4) and give an example for each.

BSL-1: minimal risk (e.g., nonpathogenic organisms). BSL-2: moderate risk (e.g., Hepatitis B virus, HIV). BSL-3: indigenous/exotic agents with respiratory transmission (e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis). BSL-4: dangerous/exotic agents with high risk and no available treatment (e.g., certain viral pathogens in specialized facilities).

What is the difference between biosafety and biosecurity?

Biosafety protects people from pathogens; biosecurity protects pathogens from misuse or theft.

What does IQAS stand for and what is its purpose?

Internal Quality Assurance System; day-to-day activities to control factors affecting test reliability.

What does EQAS stand for and why is it important?

External Quality Assurance System; external proficiency testing to assess a laboratory’s performance compared with peers.

Explain the roles of the National Reference Laboratories (NRL) in the Philippines.

They coordinate External Quality Assurance Programs (EQAP) and provide reference testing for quality control across clinical laboratories.

What are the main ethical codes referenced in the Medical Technology profession in the Philippines?

Original Moraleta Code of Ethics and the Revised Code of Ethics by Rodolfo Rabor.

Name two key ethics topics covered in the MT ethics lessons.

Professional ethics and moral issues such as abortion, euthanasia, genetic engineering, confidentiality.

What are the four categories of Health Care Waste?

Infectious waste, Pathological/anatomical waste, Sharps, Chemical waste, Pharmaceutical waste, Radioactive waste, General (non-hazardous) waste.

List two international/congressional laws/regulations governing health care waste management in the Philippines.

DOH Admin Orders (e.g., AO 2007-0027), RA 6969 (Hazardous Wastes), RA 8749 (Clean Air Act), RA 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste), and related DENR DOH guidelines.

What are the main components of the Clinical Laboratory’s Section Structure according to DOH classifications?

Clinical Pathology (Chemistry, Immunology/Serology, Immunohematology, Microbiology, Parasitology, Toxicology, Endocrinology, etc.), Anatomic Pathology (Histopathology, Cytology, Autopsy, Forensic Pathology).

What is the minimum license requirement to operate a clinical laboratory in the Philippines?

A license issued by BHFS/CHD; operation under supervision of a licensed physician in laboratory medicine and a pathologist; compliance with R.A. 4688.

What are the two key components of Quality Assurance in the lab?

Internal Quality Assurance System (IQAS) and External Quality Assurance System (EQAS).

What is the general education-curriculum structure for MT/MLS programs in the Philippines?

General Education courses, Professional courses, and Research/Internship components; the program is typically four years with a mandatory internship year.

What are the major professional organizations for MTs in the Philippines and their roles?

PAMET (accredited professional organization for MTs); PASMETH (national organization of MT schools); PHISMETS (students’ organization under PASMETH).

What is CPD and why is it required for MTs?

Continuing Professional Development; lifelong learning to maintain and upgrade competence; mandated by RA 10912 with CPD Councils and units required for PIC renewal (e.g., 45 CPD units for MTs every 3 years).

When was RA 10912 enacted and when did its implementation begin?

RA 10912 was enacted on July 21, 2016 (effective August 16, 2016); implementation began with PRC IRR in 2017.

What is the significance of PAP test (Papanicolaou) and H&E in pathology?

Pap test is used for cervical cytology screening; H&E (hematoxylin and eosin) staining is the standard histology stain for tissue sections.

Which act governs the operation and maintenance of clinical laboratories and requires registration in the Philippines?

R.A. 4688 (Clinical Laboratory Law) and its implementing rules (AO No. 59 s. 2001; AO 2007-0027).