The Science of Chemistry - Chapter 1

chemical

any substance that has a definite composition

chemical reaction

the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances

states of matter

the physical forms of matter, which include solid, liquid, gas, and plasma

Reactant

a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction

product

a substance that forms in a chemical reaction

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Volume

A measure of the size of a body or region in three-dimensional space

Mass

A measure of the amount of matter in an object

Weight

A measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object.

quantity

something that has magnitude, size, or amount

unit

a quantity adopted as a standard of measurement

conversion factor

a ratio derived from the equality between two different units that can be used to convert from one unit to the other

physical property

a characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change, such as density, color, or hardness

Density

the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance

chemical property

a property of matter that describes a substance's ability to participate in chemical reactions

atom

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element

pure substance

a sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties

element

a substance that can't be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

molecule

the smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance

compound

a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

mixture

a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

homogeneous

describes something that has a uniform structure or composition throughout

heterogeneous

composed of dissimilar components

physical change

change in 1 or more physical properties without a change to chemical properties

chemical change

changes into entirely new substance

chemical properties

reactivity, flammability, toxicity, corrosive

physical properties

color, size, melting point, boiling point, density, ductile

chemistry

study of the compositions of matter and the changes that matter undergoes

macroscopic

substances that can be seen or touched

microscopic

smaller particles that make up matter, need microscope to been seen

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

what are the 4 states of matter?

meter

what is the SI base unit for length?

liter

what is the SI base unit for liquid volume?

kilogram

what is the SI base unit for mass?

d=m/v

what is the formula for density?

Kelvin

what is the SI base unit for temperature?

diatomic

includes two of the same element

T

T/F: elements are pure substances

suspension

a mixture containing particles that settle out if left undisturbed

colloid

mid-size particles that do not settle out

solution

a mixture containing atoms, ions, or molecules fully dissolved

solvent

dissolving medium

solute

"stuff" being dissolved