Lecture 3.1 Anatomy of a Research Paper

Which of the following sections contains the declaration of the theme of the study?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

A) Title and authors

* Title specifically

A(n) _____ has roles in concept and design, acquisition, analysis or interpretation of data, etc.

Author

Which of the following sections contains main findings and keywords?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

B) Abstract

An abstract has _____ words.

250-350

Which of the following sections contains current gaps in knowledge and objectives?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

C) Background/introduction

The background/introduction has a brief with _____ paragraphs.

3 to 4

Which of the following sections contains PICOT?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

D) Methods

Which of the following sections contains the IRB approval?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

D) Methods

Which of the following sections contains the study design?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

D) Methods

Which of the following sections contains the setting?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

D) Methods

Which of the following sections contains the sample size and power?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

D) Methods

Which of the following sections contains statistical analysis?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

D) Methods

Which of the following sections contains the facts of the study?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

E) Results

Which of the following sections contains the conditions/characteristics of the study participants?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

E) Results

Which of the following sections contains the primary and secondary findings?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

E) Results

Which of the following sections contains the post-hoc analysis findings?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

E) Results

Which of the following sections contains tables and figures?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

E) Results

In the results section, tables and figures need to be _____ and _____ with texts.

Stand-alone

Consistent

* Need to be able to interpret with the table/figure ALONE

Which of the following sections contains how the findings agree/disagree with the previous findings?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

F) Discussion

The most important result is usually stated in the _____ paragraph of the discussion.

First

Which of the following sections contains other interesting findings?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

E) Results

Which of the following sections contains the strengths and limitations of the study?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

F) Discussion

True/False:

The discussion section typically lists the major and minor limitations of the study.

False

* Often do not list ALL limitations (only major)

Which of the following sections contains the key or take home messages?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

G) Conclusion

The conclusion section may be just part of the _____ section.

Discussion

The conclusion section should be consistent with the _____ but may provide additional context.

Abstract

The conclusion should be related to the _____ of the study.

Primary findings

True/False:

It is often that the conclusion section includes additional findings from the study.

False

* Conclusion should be related to the PRIMARY findings

* Conclusion should not make claims that the study never mentioned

Which of the following sections provides additional details that may be necessary to critique/apply the findings?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

H) Appendices and repositories

Which of the following sections provides additional details for others to replicate the study?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

H) Appendices and repositories

Which of the following sections contains contributions that do NOT qualify for authorship?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

* Acknowledgement specifically

Which of the following sections contains a permanent URL?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

* DOI specifically

DOI stands for _____.

Digital Object Identifier

True/False:

DOI are not only used for articles.

True

Which of the following sections contains corrections to the study?

A) Title and authors

B) Abstract

C) Background/introduction

D) Methods

E) Results

F) Discussion

G) Conclusion

H) Appendices and repositories

I) Acknowledgement and DOI

J) Errata

J) Errata

True/False:

The errata is typically published separately from the rest of the article.

True

The _____ is a 25-item checklist / flow diagram used for clinical trials.

CONSORT

CONSORT stands for _____.

CONsolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials

Which of the following journals were subscription-based?

A) Traditional journals

B) Open-access

A) Traditional journals

Which of the following journals collected revenues from advertising and subscriptions?

A) Traditional journals

B) Open-access

A) Traditional journals

Which of the following journals are open for access without a subscription?

A) Traditional journals

B) Open-access

B) Open-access

Which of the following journals charges authors with a publication fee?

A) Traditional journals

B) Open-access

B) Open-access

Which of the following journals have a transparent peer-review process?

A) Traditional journals

B) Open-access

B) Open-access

Which of the following journals have anonymous reviews?

A) Traditional journals

B) Open-access

A) Traditional journals

_____ and ____ are both examples of open-access journals.

Biomed Central (BMC) journals

Public Library of Science (PLoS) journals