Chinese History - 20th Century World History | Quizlet

Second Opium War

1856-1860

- Arrow Vessel confiscated -> Angered the British

- British and French fight for trade privileges

KMT post Sun Yat Sen

Chiang Kai Shek took over

- Purged Commies

- Nationalist V.S. Communist War

- Overturned Beiyang Gov -> Established Nanjing

Chinese Civil War

1927-1949

- Ten years 1927-1937 (Nanjing Decade by KMT)

Pause for WW2

- Long March

Pause for Second Sino Japanese War

Treaty of Nanjing

(1842)

- Ceded Hong Kong to Britain

- Opened Five Ports to British Trade

- Granted extraterritorial rights to British citizens

UNEQUAL

Taiping Rebellion

1850-1864

- Hong Xiuquan

- Claimed to be brother of Jesus Christ

- Religious

Qing and foreign forces shut it down, cost of 20 million lives.

Treaty of Tientsin

1858

- Foreign diplomats reside in Beijing

- Opium trade legalised

- Christian missionary rights

-> Burning of SUMMER PALACE (Chinese Humiliation)

Self Strengthening Movement

1861-1895

- Reforms aiming to modernise China's economy and armed forces

- Lacked sufficient government support

- Western resistance -> movement failed

Sino French War

1884-1885

- More privileges to French

- Humiliation to China

Treaty Ports

- Every conflict forced more

- China unable to resist foreign Imperialism

Enclaves

Sovereign British territories subject to British Law

Sino Japanese War

1894-1895

- Conflict over influence in Korea

- Chinese Defeat

Treaty of Shimonoseki

(1895)

- Forced China to recognise Korean independence and give Liaodong Peninsula

Hundred Days Reform

1898

- Emperor Guangxu

- Modernize education, industry, governance

- VIOLENT

- Anti-foreign, anti-christian

Boxer Rebellion

1898-1900

- Anti-foreign, Anti-Imperialist

- Yihetuan

- International forces shut it down

Xin Hai Revolution

1911

- Sun Yat Sen

Wuchang Uprising Double 10 (10/1910)

- Dissatisfaction with Qing Empire

- Anti-Manchurian

- KMT leader

Established ROC

Republic of China Overthrown (1912)

1912

- Sun Yat Sen Provisional Leader

Overthrown by Yuan Shikai (Former Qing General)

- Emperor until 1916

- Dissolved KMT

May Fourth Movement

(1919)

- Protests by students against Treaty of Versailles

- Yuan Shikai fails to hold power

- New Culture Movement - Communism Arrives

Warlord Period + KMT

1915-1928

- Sun Yat Sen exiled

- Rival Gov formed with Military Warlors

- Re-establish KMT (1919) but not enough support.

Last Imperial Dynasty

1644-1911 Qing Dynasty

- Last Emperor is Xuantong Puyi

First Opium War

1839-1842 Britian V.S. China

- Trade Imbalance -> China wanted AUTARKY

- Dumped British Opium, British Attacked

Long March

1934-1935

- CCP avoid KMT, Mao Zedong established as strong leader

Second Sino Japanese War

1931-1945

Second Sino Japanese War - Mukden Incident

1931

- Japanese stage explosion on railway for pre-text to full scale invasion

- Established puppet state with Puyi

- League of Nations mad, Japan withdraws, nothing happens

Second Sino Japanese War - Marco Polo Bridge Incident

1937

Skirmish between Chinese nationalists & Japanese that led to a Japanese invasion of China

Second Sino Japanese War - Nanjing Massacre

Dec 1937 - Jan 1938

- Mass executions

- Sexual Violence

- Looting

Second Sino Japanese War - Chinese Resistance

- Uneasy alliance between KMT (Chiang) and CCP (Mao)

- KMT -> Conventional

- CCP -> Guerilla

Second Sino Japanese War - Pacific War

- Became larger conflict due to WW2 (Japan Pearl Harbour)

- China received support from foreign influences

Second Sino Japanese War Final Phase

- Japan Over-Extended

- After Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japan surrendered

Chinese Civil War

- War weakened KMT

- CCP Won, established People's Republic of China

- KMT fled, established Republic of China in Taiwan

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