Mod 2 - Osteology, Axial Skeleton

Alveolar bone

Thin layer of compact bone that forms the tooth socket

Alveolus

Single socket

Apex

Opening of pulp at the end of a root; also called apical foramen

Apical foramen

Hole at the tip of the root where nerves and blood vessels enter the tooth

Brachydont

Animals with permanently rooted teeth; carnivores

Canine (tooth)

Long, pointed bonelike tooth located between the incisors and premolars; also called fang and cuspid; abbreviated C

Carnassial teeth

Large, shearing cheek tooth; upper P4 and lower M1 in dogs; upper P3 and lower M1 in cats

Cementum

Bonelike connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth

Cheek teeth

Premolars and molars

Crown

Anatomical area of teeth, usually covered by enamel

Deciduous teeth

Temporary set of teeth that erupt in young animals and are replaced at or near maturity; baby teeth

Dentin

Connective tissue surrounding the tooth pulp

Dentition

Teeth as a whole, arranged in the maxillary and mandibular arcades

Diastema

Space or gap between teeth, most commonly between incisors and molars; rodents and ungulates

Enamel

Hard, white substance covering the dentin of the crown of the tooth

Endodontics

Branch of dentistry that involves treatment of diseases that affect the tooth pulp

Furcation

Roots of teeth fork or separate, taking different paths from one another; bone loss

Gingival sulcus

Space that surrounds the tooth

Hard palate

Forms bony rostral portion of palate that is covered with specialized mucous membrane

Hypsodont

Animals with continuously erupting teeth; ruminants

Incisor

Front tooth used for cutting; abbreviated I

Malocclusion

Misalignment or incorrect relation between teeth of maxilla and mandible when they approach each other as the jaw closes

Mandible

Forms the lower jaw

Maxilla

Forms the upper jaw

Molar

Most caudally located permanent cheek tooth used for grinding; abbreviated M

Neck (AKA cementoenamel junction)

Area of the union of cementum and enamel

Needle teeth

Deciduous canines and third incisors of pig

Palatal

Tooth surface of the maxilla that faces the tongue

Periodontal ligament

Contains collagen fibers that are anchored to the cementum of the tooth and to the alveolar bone

Permanent teeth

Tooth in a mammal that replaces a temporary milk tooth and lasts for most of the mammal's life; adult teeth

Premolar

Cheek tooth found between canine teeth and molars; also called bicuspids because they have two points; abbreviated P

Pulp

Consists of nerves, blood vessels, and loose connective tissue

Rugae

Specialized mucous membrane contains irregular folds

Soft palate

Forms the flexible caudal portion of the palate

Tusk

Overgrown canine tooth of boar

Wolf tooth

Rudimentary premolar 1 in horses

Buccal

Aspect of tooth that faces the cheek

Distal

Farthest from midline or farthest from the beginning of a structure

Labial

Tooth surface facing the lips

Lingual

Tooth surface of mandible that faces the tongue

Mesial

One closest to the midline of the dental arcade

Occlusal

Aspect of the teeth that meet when the animal chews

Vestibular

Aspect of tooth that faces the cheek