Interim #2 Study Guide

A collection of flashcards that define key concepts from the study guide covering major historical revolutions and political ideologies.

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement in the 1700-1800s where Europeans questioned the teachings of the Catholic Church, emphasizing science, reason, individual rights, and the separation of church and state.

Lisbon Earthquake

A devastating earthquake that struck Lisbon, Portugal, in 1755, leading to widespread destruction and prompting philosophical and theological debates. People started to look towards logic.

Thomas Hobbes

Enlightenment thinker who believed that there will be anarchy without government. Also believes people are born evil and should hand all rights to the government

John Locke

Enlightenment thinker who believed that people are born as blank slates (tabula rasa) and that the gov’t’s purpose is to protect citizens’ rights

Immanuel Kant

believes that one must question things to be enlightened

Voltaire

believes in freedom of speech, religion and separation of church and state, uses satire, reinforced idea that race is biological

Mary Wollstonecraft

believed women should have equal educational rights and advocated for women's rights and social equality, arguing that women's exclusion from education limited their potential and contribution to society. wrote the vindication of the right of women

Mary Astell

criticized role of women and men in marriage, believes women are “born slaves”

Philis Wheatley

former slave inspired by John Locke

Fascism

A far-right, authoritarian political ideology characterized by dictatorial power, centralization of authority, and suppression of opposition.

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Colonialism

A type of imperialism where a country uses force to assert dominance over another country.

Genocide

The deliberate killing or harming of a group of people based on their race, ethnicity, religion, or nationality.

Haitian Revolution

A revolutionary movement that led to Haiti's independence from France, beginning in 1791, influenced by Enlightenment ideas regarding liberty and equality.