Civil Code of the Philippines Vocabulary Review

A collection of vocabulary flashcards based on key concepts from the Civil Code of the Philippines lecture notes.

Natural Person

A human being with juridical capacity and the ability to acquire rights and obligations; extinguished upon death.

Juridical Person

Entities such as corporations, institutions, and the State that have legal personality under the law.

Real Property

Includes land, buildings, trees, and anything attached permanently to the ground.

Personal Property

Any property that can be transported from one place to another without damaging its nature.

Public Dominion

Property owned by the State for public use, such as roads, rivers, and public buildings.

Private Dominion

Property owned by individuals or entities for private use or commercial purposes.

Good Faith

If done with permission or legal basis, the builder/planter may have rights to compensation.

Bad Faith

If done without permission and in bad faith, the builder/planter loses ownership and is not entitled to compensation.

Co-ownership

Exists when an undivided thing or right is owned by two or more persons.

Possession

Holding or enjoying a thing or right, either as an owner or on behalf of another.

Obligation

A legal duty to give, do, or not do something.

Civil Obligation

Legally demandable and enforceable obligations.

Natural Obligation

Based on equity and natural law but cannot be legally enforced; once voluntarily fulfilled, they cannot be reclaimed.

Aleatory Contract

A contract where one or both parties agree to something based on an uncertain event.

Guaranty

An agreement where a guarantor binds themselves to fulfill the obligation of a debtor if the debtor fails to do so.

Quasi-Contract

Lawful, voluntary, and unilateral acts that create obligations even without a contract to prevent unjust enrichment.

Quasi-Delict

A person who, by fault or negligence, causes damage to another is obligated to compensate the injured party.

Damages

Monetary compensation awarded to an injured party due to a legal wrong.

Actual Damages

Covers proven losses such as medical bills and lost income.

Moral Damages

Granted for emotional suffering such as defamation or betrayal.