Digestive system

2 digestive parts

mechanical and chemical

alimentary canal

a muscular 9 meters long tube feeding from the mouth to anus

movements of the A.C

mixing and propelling

mixing movement

smooth muscles contract rhythmically in small section of the tube

propelling movement

include wavelike motion called peristalsis

mouth

first portion of the A.C

baby teeth

20

adult teeth

32

incisors

bite into food

canines

tear food apart

premolars

grind or chew food

molars

grind or chew food

GI track

mouth, esophagus, stomach, S.I, L.I, anus

anterior palate

hard palate

posterior palate

soft palate

primary teeth

8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 molars

tonsils and adenoids

help to protect body from infections

salivary glands

secrete saliva

pharynx

cavity lying behind the mouth

esophagus

muscular tube leading to stomach

Lower Esophageal Sphincter

helps prevent vomit of stomach contents

4 sections of the stomach

cardiac, fundic, pyloric, body

stomach

j shaped muscular organ

Ghrelin

hungry chemical

leptin

not hungry chemical

pancreas

produces pancreas juice the aids digestion

pancreas juice

contains enzymes that digest carbohydrates, facts, proteins, and nucleic acid

liver

metabolizes carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

gallbladder

stores bile for later release

gall stones

form from insufficient bile salts or excessive cholesterol

Small intestine

transports undigestible waste to the large intestine

villi

absorption of nutrients

duodenum

10-12 in.

jejunum

3-3 ½ ft.

ileium

6-6 ½ ft.

masentery

suspends portions of the S.I from the posterior abdominal wall

Large Intestine

absorbs water and electrolytes and forms and stores feces

ascending colon

on right side of you, left side on the picture, and comes from the S.I ileium

Transverse colon

across the top of the S.I

Descending colon

goes down the left side of your body and connects to rectum

Rectum

conveys feces to the anus

Anus canal

guarded by an involuntary internal and Sphincter and a voluntary external anal and sphincter muscle

essential nutrients

carbohydrates, fats, proteins

carbohydrates

starches used for sources of energy in diet

monosaccharides

frutose, glucose, galctose

excess glucose

stored as glycogen in the liver

neurons

need a continous supply of glucose to survive

atkins diet

all protein, low-no carbs

daily intake of carbohydrates

125-175 grams

lipids

supply energy and build structures

other lipids

fats, phospholipids, chloesterol

where are saturated fats found

foods of animal origin

where are unsaturated fats found

foods of plant origin

where is chloseteral found

ONLY in foods of animal origin

where are excessive lipids found

adipose tissue

no more than __% of your calories/day should be fats

30%

proteins

polymers of amino acid

proteins are …

enzymes, hormones, antibodies, clothing factors

__ grams of protein/day per kilogram of body weight

.8 grams

8 essential amino acids

isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine

Animal sources of protein contain

complete proteins, which contain all essential amino acids

plant sources of protein are missing

one or more essential amino acids

fat soluble

A,D,E,K

Water soluble

B, C