2.9 Design for manufacture and project management

What should designers ensure in the products they create?

• Meet the customer & legal requirements

• Can be produced with the equipment/technology available

• Can be produced to budget

• Can be produced within the required timescale

What does planning for accurate production require?

Effective research and development

How can designers demonstrate the importance of planning for accuracy when creating prototypes and making recommendations for small, medium, and large-scale production?

By using data from prototypes to refine processes, improve designs, and ensure consistency across different production scales

What is Total Quality Management (TQM)?

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management approach focused on improving the quality of products and services through continuous improvement, customer focus, and employee involvement.

What is the aim of TQM?

To remove waste and produce products right the first time

What are the core principles of TQM?

The core principles of TQM include customer satisfaction, continuous improvement, employee involvement and contributions, and the use of data to drive decisions.

What is SCRUM?

SCRUM is an agile project management framework used primarily in software development, focusing on iterative progress, collaboration, and flexibility.

What is the aim of SCRUM?

To work in a team to reach goals in short timescales known as ‘sprints’ to ensure continuous progress and adaptability

What are the key roles in a SCRUM team?

The key roles in a SCRUM team are the Product Owner, SCRUM Master, and the Development Team.

How does SCRUM work?

The team focuses on their goals and attends daily scrum updates to share progress and address any issues. Task distribution can be adjusted based on these updates, enabling the team to quickly adapt to changing customer demands.

What is Six Sigma?

Six Sigma is a data-driven methodology aimed at improving the quality of processes by identifying and removing defects and minimizing variation

What are the main phases of the Six Sigma process?

The main phases of Six Sigma are DMAIC (Define the issue, Measure issue extent, Analyse where issues occur, Improve (plans introduced to rectify issues), Control, ensuring modified procedures are implemented and maintained through QA), which is used for improving existing processes.

What is the TIMWOOD waste reduction strategy?

The TIMWOOD waste reduction strategy identifies seven types of waste in manufacturing: Transport (distance), Inventory (reducing stock), Movement (minimise unnecessary motion), Waiting (reduce wait times between processes), Overproduction (produce what is needed), Over-processing (use the cheapest product for the job), and Defects (removing defective products), helping teams streamline processes and enhance efficiency.

What is critical path analysis (CPA)?

A project management method use to analyse all individual stages within a project and plan the effective and time efficient completion of each element within the desired schedule.

What is required to complete a CPA?

A list of all activities within the project

A time estimate of each stage

An understanding of how each stage relates/depends on other stages

Specific deadlines for each stage/item