THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE — PART 1

tensile strength

the ability of tissue to withstand pulling forces; varies by tissue type and healing phase

inflammation phase

first stage of healing where tensile strength drops to 50 percent within 24 to 48 hours

proliferation phase

second healing stage where type III collagen is produced and tissue remains weak

remodeling phase

final healing stage where type I collagen strengthens tissue

connective-tissue turnover

natural process where collagen is replaced and reorganized, often causing shortening without motion

creep

gradual tissue elongation from a low load applied over long duration, causing permanent length change

force deformation

amount of force required to maintain a change in tissue length

hysteresis

warming of tissue through repetitive stretching that increases extensibility

continuous passive motion

a device that moves a joint through controlled ROM to maintain mobility and reduce stiffness

strength

maximum force a muscle or muscle group can exert

power

strength expressed over distance and time

endurance

ability to sustain repeated or prolonged muscle activity

hypertrophy

increase in muscle size due to growth of contractile proteins

hyperplasia

increase in number of muscle fibers; seen mostly in animals

SAID principle

specific adaptations to imposed demands; the body adapts according to the stress placed on it

open kinetic chain

movement where the distal extremity moves freely

closed kinetic chain

movement where the distal extremity is fixed and weight-bearing

manual resistance

strengthening method using external force applied by a clinician