Chapter 24: Organic Compounds

Starch

________ is a carbohydrate that is also a polymer.

Depolymerization

________: uses heat or chemicals to break the long polymer chain into its monomer fragments.

Alcohol

________: formed when- OH groups replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon.

sugar glucose

The ________ is found in your blood and also in many sweet foods such as grapes and honey.

space filling model

The ________, shows a more realistic picture of the relative size and arrangement of the atoms in the molecule.

Methane

________ and other hydrocarbons produce more than 90 percent of the energy humans use.

nucleotide

A(n) ________ is a complex molecule that contains one of four organic bases, a sugar, and a phosphate unit.

Cholesterol

________ is another lipid that is often in the news.

Ethylene

________ is another name for the hydrocarbon ethene, C2H4.

Petroleum

________- a dark, flammable liquid, often called crude oil, that is found deep within Earth.

Monomer

________: small molecule, which forms a link in the polymer chain.

Hydrocarbon

________: A compound made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Organic acids

________ form when a carboxyl group,- COOH, is substituted for one of the hydrogen atoms attached to a carbon atom.

Lipids

________: Fats, oils, and related compounds make up a group of organic compounds.

Sugars

________ are a major group of carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates

________: compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, that have twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms.

protein molecules

Long ________ tend to twist and coil in a manner unique to each protein.

Isomers

________: compounds that have identical chemical formulas but different molecular structures and shapes.

amino acid

When you eat foods that contain proteins, such as meat, dairy products, and some vegetables, your body breaks down the proteins into their ________ monomers.

Polymers

________ can be made light and flexible or so strong that they can be used to make plastic pipes, boats, and even some auto bodies.

hydrocarbons

In some ________, the carbon atoms are joined by single covalent bonds.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

________: or DNA, is found in cells where it codes and stores genetic information.

Aromatic Compound

________: one that contains a benzene structure having a ring with six carbons.

Human DNA

________ contains more than 5- billion base pairs.

sugar glucose

It is made of units or monomers of the ________.

monomers

The ________ that make up DNA are called nucleotides.

Amino acids

________ are the monomers that combine to form proteins.

Polymers

________ have been used so widely that disposal has caused problems, because many polymers do not decompose.