Chapter 24: Organic Compounds

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Starch

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28 Terms

1

Starch

________ is a carbohydrate that is also a polymer.

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2

Depolymerization

________: uses heat or chemicals to break the long polymer chain into its monomer fragments.

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3

Alcohol

________: formed when- OH groups replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon.

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4

sugar glucose

The ________ is found in your blood and also in many sweet foods such as grapes and honey.

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5

space filling model

The ________, shows a more realistic picture of the relative size and arrangement of the atoms in the molecule.

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6

Methane

________ and other hydrocarbons produce more than 90 percent of the energy humans use.

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7

nucleotide

A(n) ________ is a complex molecule that contains one of four organic bases, a sugar, and a phosphate unit.

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8

Cholesterol

________ is another lipid that is often in the news.

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9

Ethylene

________ is another name for the hydrocarbon ethene, C2H4.

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10

Petroleum

________- a dark, flammable liquid, often called crude oil, that is found deep within Earth.

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11

Monomer

________: small molecule, which forms a link in the polymer chain.

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12

Hydrocarbon

________: A compound made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

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13

Organic acids

________ form when a carboxyl group,- COOH, is substituted for one of the hydrogen atoms attached to a carbon atom.

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14

Lipids

________: Fats, oils, and related compounds make up a group of organic compounds.

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15

Sugars

________ are a major group of carbohydrates.

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16

Carbohydrates

________: compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, that have twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms.

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17

protein molecules

Long ________ tend to twist and coil in a manner unique to each protein.

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18

Isomers

________: compounds that have identical chemical formulas but different molecular structures and shapes.

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19

amino acid

When you eat foods that contain proteins, such as meat, dairy products, and some vegetables, your body breaks down the proteins into their ________ monomers.

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20

Polymers

________ can be made light and flexible or so strong that they can be used to make plastic pipes, boats, and even some auto bodies.

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21

hydrocarbons

In some ________, the carbon atoms are joined by single covalent bonds.

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22

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

________: or DNA, is found in cells where it codes and stores genetic information.

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23

Aromatic Compound

________: one that contains a benzene structure having a ring with six carbons.

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24

Human DNA

________ contains more than 5- billion base pairs.

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25

sugar glucose

It is made of units or monomers of the ________.

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26

monomers

The ________ that make up DNA are called nucleotides.

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27

Amino acids

________ are the monomers that combine to form proteins.

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28

Polymers

________ have been used so widely that disposal has caused problems, because many polymers do not decompose.

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