The Muscular System

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17 Terms

1

Thick Filaments

arranged in a bundle with heads directed outward in a spiral array around the bundled tails.

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2

Antagonist

opposes the prime mover, prevents excessive movement and injury.

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3

Dystonia

a movement disorder that causes the muscles to contract involuntarily.

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4

Tetanus

or lockjaw- spastic paralysis caused by toxin of Clostridium bacteria, blocks glycine release in the spinal cord and causes overstimulation of the muscles.

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5

Plantar fasciitis

heel pain cause by straining the ligament that supports the arch.

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6

Rigor Mortis

Stiffening of the body beginning 3 to 4 hours after death caused by deteriorating sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium, Calcium activates myosin- actin cross- bridging and muscle contracts but can not relax, Muscle relaxation requires ATP and ATP production is no longer produced after death.

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7

Collagen

extensible and elastic, stretches slightly under tension and recoils when released, protects muscle from injury, returns muscle to its resting length.

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8

Junctional folds

region of sarcolemma, increases surface area for ACh receptors, contains acetylcholinesterase that breaks down ACh and causes relaxation.

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9

Geniohyoid

widens pharynx during swallowing.

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10

Twitch

a single brief stimulus at that voltage produces a quick cycle of contraction and relaxation (lasting less than 1 /10 second)

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11

Synaptic knob

swollen end of nerve fiber (contains ACh)

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12

Elasticity

returns to its original resting length after being stretched.

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13

Fixator

during Elbow Flexion= muscle that holds scapula firmly in place.

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14

Extensibility

capable of being stretched.

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15

Tennis elbow

inflammation of lateral epicondyle.

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16

Endurance

Ability to maintain high- intensity exercise for> 5 minutes determined by maximum oxygen uptake.

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17

Hiatal hernia

occurs when the stomach protrudes through diaphragm into thorax.

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