edes week 1-9

CAFO stands for

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation

The action or process of removing carbon (often in the form of CO2) from the air and holding it in sinks (often oceans, vegetation or soil) is known as: ____________________ ____________________.

Carbon sequestration

out of NITROUS OXIDE, METHANE AND CARBON which is the most and least potent

most is nitrous oxide, least is carbon

the top three sources of methane in the atmosphere are

fossil fuels, animal agriculture and landfills

how to increase soil carbon

1. reduce synthetic chemical applications

2. cover crops

3. crop rotations

4. no till

5. agroforestry

6. composting

7. sustainable grazing

what is monoculture

the cultivation of a single crop in a given area

example of monoculture

golf courses

corn

the botany of desire

plants control us more than we control them

the dangers of monoculture

no biodiversity, so it's not stable, disease wipes out entire crop

what happened in Ireland from 1845 to 1852 that caused so many Irish t o die or emigrate to America

famine

they only grew one type of potato so we saw a famine

What was the new kind of potato developed by Monsanto and why was there debate about it?

new leaf potato

it was genetically modified which received pushback

Which of William McDonough's three basic principles of eco-effectiveness is the segment on Potatoes principally concerned with? Explain.

celebrate diversity

Three different methods of growing potatoes were shown in the film. What are they?

Polyculture, monoculture, and genetic modification

watershed

it is a land area that channels rainfall and other water sources to the same place and then outflows it to other places

According to the Pacific Institute, of the human water use in California, approximately 80% is for _______________________ use and 20% is for urban needs.

agricultural

importance of watershed

this term to understand where surface water flows, how to collect surface water from the regional scale, to the local scale.

sources of watershed

rai water, snow, streams

water footprint

estimate the amount of water consumed in the production of goods and services

privatization of water

Privatized water is often used for private profit in industrial activities such as agribusiness, gas drilling and manufacturing - or it is bottled and sold back to the public - to whom it belonged in the first place

commodification of water

publicly shared good becomes private thing that can be bought and sold

precautionary principle

test things before you use them and before they are put on the market to make sure they are safe (do this in Europe)

Halliburton loophole

use water in extraction of oil, the water when it is done being used, it doesn't need to be regulated

big oil loophole

Big oil

The water that oil uses (injects in the ground ftor fracking) does not have to meet water quality regulations

It doenst have to be tested

It can return wherever in the water system

surface water

Water above the surface of the land, including lakes, rivers, streams, ponds, floodwater, and runoff.

ground water

underground water that is held in the soil and in pervious rocks

aquifer

A body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater.

impervious

not affected or hurt by; admitting of no passage or entrance

non-point source pollution

water pollution that does not have a specific point of origin

water in terms of the 3 pillars of sustainability

1. economic value

2. human rights

3. most important natural system

Although the land surface of earth is approximately 70% covered by water, only __________ percent of the earth's water is fresh and of that amount a little over ___________ percent is surface water. This final number makes available, fresh water a precious and valuable resource.

3%, 1%

The process of transforming water, particularly freshwater, from a public resource into a tradable equity for economic gain is known as the __________________________ of water.

the commodification of water

Peter gleiks 6 problems/issues about humans use of water

1. accessibility

2. natural environment

3. contamination

4. politics

5. climate change

6. institutions

Peter gleiks solutions

rethink supply/ demand. smart economics, new institutions

how is water broken up

80% for agriculture

20% for urban needs

riparian rights

all owners of property adjacent to water body have right to reasonable use of water

appropriative rights

right to use water by putting it to beneficial use, regardless of location

Identify an individual and government organization associated with the ideas of conservation AND the ideas of preservation. In terms of our environment and environmental resources, conservation can be thought of as __________________________________ AND preservation can be thought of as ______________________________.

US Forest Service

sustainable use and management of natural resources

maintaining present conditions of the earth

What is the 'Land Ethic'?

seeing the land as a COMMUNITY to which we belong rather than a COMMODITY

Is it important for the government to hold onto and protect our national (natural) resources?

yes

What are Commoner's 4 Rules of Ecology?

1. Everything is connected to everything else

2. Everything must go somewhere. (There is no "away.")

3. Nature knows best.

4. There is no such thing as a free lunch.

Henry David Thoreau

author, naturalist, transcendentalist, tax resister, development critic

at Walden Pond 1845-47

advocate for recreation, conservation on private land, preservation of public land

Frederick Law Olmsted

seaman, merchant, journalist, landscape architect

coined the term Landscape architect with Calvert Vaux- Central Park, 1857

park, park systems, green infrastructure to estate properties

John Muir

naturalist

preservationist

1892- Sierra Club

1901- Our National Parks

1901-1913- Battle for Hetch Hetchy

Aldo Leopold

1949- wrote "A Sand County Almanac"

"the land ethic" = we ABUSE THE LAND because we regard it as a COMMODITY belonging to us -- when we see the LAND AS A COMMUNITY to which we belong, we may begin to use it with love and respect"

Rachel Carson

one of the first people to realize the global dangers of pesticide abuse (DDT).

1962- wrote Silent Spring

- a warning about the power of science

-introduction of the word "ecosystem"

Lynn White

"The Historic Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis"

Garritt Hardin

an American ecologist who warned of the dangers of human overpopulation. He is most famous for his exposition of the tragedy of the commons, in a 1968 paper of the same title in Science, which called attention to "the damage that innocent actions by individuals can inflict on the environment"

Buckminster Fuller

He created the Dymaxion House, "the first machine for living".

Ian McHarg

1969-book "Design w/Nature"

-rational approach to planning

-overlay system of maps (predecessor to GIS)

David Brower

modern day John-Muir; Executive director of the Sierra Club 1952-1962; changed it from being hiking club to advocacy group for saving and preserving land across U.S., founded Friends of the Earth and the Earth Island Institute; Helped the passage of the Wilderness Act in 1964

Dennis Hayes/Gaylord Nelson

first earth day

-environmental teach-in

Mathias Wackernagel

-ecological footprint

-a Swiss-born sustainability advocate. He is President of Global Footprint Network, an international sustainability think tank with offices in Oakland, California; Brussels, Belgium, and Geneva, Switzerland. Wikipedia

Amory & Hunter Lovins

Natural Capitalism (not too important)

William McDonough

an American architect, designer

co-author of Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things

The Three Eco-Effective Design Principles:

1. food=waste

2. use sun energy

3. celebrate diversity

John Todd

Who wrote "Education, Our Own Work"? ( not too importnat)

Michael Braungart

co-author of Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things
part of Green Peace
partners with McDonough

Gifford Pinchot

1st Chief of the Forest Service, 1905-1910

father of American CONSERVATION movement

"to provide the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people"-
the idea of having federal protected land to exploit for timber and etc.

Gro Harlem Bruntland

Norwegian politician
came up with term ecological development

inequity is instability

is also known for having chaired the Brundtland Commission which presented the Brundtland Report on sustainable development - countries combined

WHO (world health org) director

"A world in which poverty is endemic

will always be prone to ecological and other

catastrophes.""

Peter Gleick

from the Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, in 2009 developed a chronology of water conflict events beginning in 3500 B.C.E. and updated regularly

Annie Leonard

The Story of Stuff

FEC vs Citizens United
Story of Bottled Water

Wendell Berry

The Peace of Wild Things

"without local economies the people have no power and the land has no voice"

David Orr

Orr takes a broad view of ecological design:

Six Myths of High Education

• Instrumental in developing the Lewis Center for

Environmental Studies at Oberlin College.

Michael Pollan

The Botany of Desire
something about potatoes
interviews in Cowspiracy

Frances Moore Lappe

Diet for a Small Planet

Believes that development will cause families to lower their population size

Chelsea Sexton

an electric car advocate and advisor. they are most notable for their role in the documentary Who Killed the Electric Car?.

Chris Paine

an American filmmaker and environmental activist. their notable works as director include the documentaries Who Killed the Electric Car?
(not too important)

Barry Commoner

Wrote the Four Laws Of Ecology. An American biologist and eco-socialist. The Closing Circle.

Bill McKibben

described climate change not just as an environmental justice issue as "the greatest social justice issue of all time" they argue that more than any other issue in history, climate change has the most inequitable distribution of benefits(the use of fossil fuels by a small but very wealthy percentage of the worlds population) and risks (the adverse effects of climate change on a large but very poor percentage of the worlds population.)

350.org

Chico Mendes

Started world's first tropical rainforest conservation, fought deforestation, killed

Michael Moore

A social activist and filmmaker- Capitalism: a Love Story

Naomi Oreskes

Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global

co-author

Erik Conway

Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global

co-author

Kip Andersen

Cowspiracy

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez

Green New Deal

National Park Service

In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson created this as a part of the executive branch with a mission to manage the nation's national parks and monuments.

U.S. Forest Service

this organization created by Teddy Roosevelt in 1905 brought the federal government to regulate the natural environment

nation's forests and grasslands

193 million acres (8.5%)

Bureau of Land Management

management and conservation of resources for economic benefits to the nation.

grazing, mining, timber harvesting, and recreation

U.S. Fish + Wildlife Service

"working with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, plants, and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the american people"

flora + fauna

90 million acres (4%)

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

an independent federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

A 1969 U.S. federal act that mandates an environmental assessment of all projects involving federal money or federal permits

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

prepared on all projects dealing with federally funded activities

California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)

requires state and local public entities to identify the environmental impacts of proposed discretionary activities or projects, and identify alternatives or mitigation measures

Define a system

an entity of parts that together make a whole, and in turn produces some kind of output or effect.

systems thinking

how physical parts relate, how events unfold over time, and an understanding that multiple events or actions contribute to an output

consumerism

the theory that increasing consumption of goods is economically desirable and good for humanity?

consumer sovereignty

The absolute individual power to purchase a product or service, or not, thereby possibly affecting the market

affleunza

A desire for more things

-the condition of overload, debt, anxiety, and waste resulting from the dogged pursuit of more

GDP

gross domestic product

-How we are measuring our productivity- both purchasing and manufacturing

We are buying into this affluenza that in order to be successful in capitalism, we have to make more

GPI

Genuine product indicator

Measures wellbeing

Indicators that add and detract from it

What are the outcomes: how are people education, what is the healthcare, how to people take care of themselves

what are some measures of GPI

resource depleation

income distribution

housework and non market transactions

changes in leisure time

unemployment and underemployment

pollution

Considering the GPI method, has the overall health of our economy steadily improved or declined since the 1970's?

declined- look at the environmental degradation, few social improvements across the world. import rate high.

Provide several example indicators that represent the alternative GPI measure of an economy

1. changes in leisure time2. unemployment and underemployment3. pollution4. Resource Depletion5. Income Distribution6. Housework and Nonmarket Transactions

the U.S. has __% of the world's population but consumes __% of the world's resources & creates __% of the world's waste.

5% of the worlds population but consume 30% of the worlds resources and creating 30% of the worlds waste

Our "stuff" moves along 5 stages

extraction ---> production ---> distribution ---> to consumption ---> to disposal

All together, this is called the "_________ ____________."

the materials economy

what is wrong with this system

it is a linear system and you cannot run a linear system on a finite planet indefinitely

he "engine that drives this system" and the part that we're most familiar with is called _______________?

consumption

What percentage of total material flow through this system is still in product or use 6 months after their sale in North America? A) 50% B) 20% C) 10% D) 1%

1%

This is a problem" because this is a _________ system and we live on a finite planet and you cannot run a ________ system on a finite planet indefinitely."

infinite system

finite system

ccording to Annie Leonard, the $4.99 cost of the radio she bought was not the true cost. What was the true cost and who paid it?

the metal was mined in South Africa, petroleum probably drilled in Iraq, the plastics were probs predicted in china

4.99 wouldn't even pay the rent of the shelf space it occupies let alone the ocean cruises and truck rides to transport