Period 1 and 2

Unity and Respect for Nature

Common themes in Native American ideology

As lesser peoples

How most Europeans view the Native Americans

Officially yes, but ignored it

Did the Spanish believe that Native Americans were capable of a Christian education?

Spanish Oppression

What led to the Pueblo Revolt of 1680

Popé

Led the Pueblo 

Creek/Cherokee

Lived in the Southeast and built houses, markets, and communities

Iroquois/Algonquin

Lived in the Northeast/Great Lakes, were hunters and gatherers

Wichita/Algonquin

Lived in the Plains, they were bison hunters and migratory nomads

Pueblo/Hopi

Lived in the Southwest, grew corn and maize

Navigational inventions, search for gold

Factors that contributed to Spanish exploration and discovery

Impact of Portuguese Exploration

Began nationwide curiosity, set in motion the Age of Discovery

Cruelty

Columbus´s treatment of Native Americans

Jesuits

Society of Jesus - founded schools, and wanted to stop the spread of catholicism

Predestination

The belief that God knows from the beginning who will go to heaven/hell

95 Thesis

Formal statements written by Martin Luther attacking customs of the Catholic Church

Anabaptists

Believed that baptizm should be a personal decision (no belief in original sin)

Downfall of Jamestown

many colonists were lazy and generally unprepared

Starving Time

When jamestown went through harsh winter and war and many starved and died

John Smith

Improved leadership of Jamestown by improving relations with natives and forcing colonists to do their part

Tobacco

agricultural product that saved Jamestown

Puritan Colonists

focused on religion instead of wealth

Quakers

Led by William Penn, all are equal in the eyes of God, original sin is not real, predestination is real

Assimilation

A forcing of Religious conversion and erasure of culture

Spanish Assimilation

conquistadors forced Native Americans to convert to Catholicism

Causes of Bacon´s Rebellion

native american attacks, increasing taxation

Puritans

came to America searching for religious freedom, but they were not tolerant of other religions

King Philip´s War

War between Native Americans and colonists, resulting in thousands of the Wampanoag population being killed and enslaved. Also the first instance of biological warfare (smallpox)

Glorious Revolution

The overthrow of King James II, resulting in a constitutional monarchy

Great Awakening

A religious revival in America during the 1730s-40s that drew LOTS of new colonists and caused colonists to begin questioning British rule

Jeremiad

Aggressive fire and brimstone preachers

Joint-Stock Corporation

multiple people pool their money to establish colonies

Mercantilism

An economic policy designed to fuel the part country through markets and trade

Middle Passage

route from west africa used primarily for slave trade

Triangle Trade

America - materials → Europe products → Slaves West Africa

Pilgrims

puritans who wanted to form independent congregations form the Church of England

Mayflower Compact

the first constitution, set up rights and rules of the first colony

Indentured Servitude

workers under a contract to work 4-7 years in exchange for passage to the new world, food, and shelter

Headright System

anyone who paid for their own or someone elses passage to Virginia would recieve 50 acres of land

Queen Elizabeth I

established the church of england

King James I

Authorized the Virginia Company to colonize north america

Cotton Mather

used an elementary version of vaccination

Roger Williams

minister in salem who taught that church and state should be seperate

Anne Hutchinson

banish for challenging puritan beliefs and speaking out in a patriarchal society

Jonathan Edwards

congregational minister who led the first Great Awakening

John Locke

philosopher of the enlightenment

william penn

leader of the quakers - pennsylvania

Lord Calvert

was granted maryland which he used to grow tobacco and soon cause a religious ¨civil war¨

John Rolfe

Married Powhatan´s daughter and pioneered the growing of tobacco

John Winthrop

governor who led the Great Puritan Migration

Samuel de Champlain

founded Quebec, established french presence in North America

Rene-Robert de Salle

Mass exploration of the mississippi river region, which led to france claiming a massice territory - Louisana

Henry Hudson

contributions to european exploration; colonization of North America

Southern Colonies

• relied on slavery

• focus on tobacco, cotton

• farming

Northern Colonies

• diverse trade

• less slavery, more indentured servants

• Dairy