endocrine

what is the common cause of growth hormone deficiency?

what is the common cause of growth hormone deficiency?

most are idiopathic

short stature and deteriorate or absent rate of growth is associated with -

growth hormone deficiency

what is done to determine growth hormone deficiency?

x-rays of hands

what is the treatment of growth hormone deficiency?

somatropin (replaces growth hormone

when is somatropin no longer needed normally?

16 in boys; 14 in girls

what causes poor growth in long bones?

early closure of the epiphyseal growth plates

development of sexual characteristics before the usual age of onset of puberty -

precocious puberty

what is considered precocious puberty in boys?

before 8 years

what is considered precocious puberty in girls?

before 9 years old

what increases the risk of precocious puberty?

obesity; African-America/Hispanic

full activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

central precocious puberty

what is the common treatment of central precocious puberty?

treat underlying cause (tumor)

condition characterized by late onset of puberty

delayed puberty

what are the standards for delayed puberty in females?

lack of breast development by 13, pubic hair by age 14, menarche by age 16

what are the standards for males to have delayed puberty?

lack of testicular enlargement by 14, pubic hair by 15, and genital growth within 4-5 years of testes enlargement

failure to thrive, irritability, lethargy, poor feeding, vomiting, and constipation are signs of what in an infant?

diabetes insipidus

polyuria and polydipsia are signs of what in older children?

diabetes insipidus

what is common management of diabetes insipidus in infants?

more frequent feeds if BF to supplement water

what hormone surges at birth? what does it cause?

TSH; rapid thyroid hormone increase

what can this surge of TSH causes on a newborn screening?

positive for hypothyroidism

­broad nasal bridge, coarse facial features, mental retardation, short stature, puffy hands, protuberant tongue, and delayed skeletal maturation are all signs of -

congenital hypothyroidism

dry skin, constipation, hair loss, fatigue, and sharp deceleration in the growth curve are signs of -

acquired hypothyroidism

what is causes a positive diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism?

high levels of TSH and low levels of T3 and T4

how should the medication used to threat hypothyroidism be taken?

every morning with an empty stomach; is a lifelong medication

­exophthalmos, tachycardia, tremor, weight loss, fatigue, and excessive perspiration are all signs of -

hyperthyroidism

what labs are expected in an individual with hyperthyroidism?

high T3 or T4 and low TSH

what medications are given for hyperthyroidism?

PTU or methimazole

Hypotension, shock, electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, weakness, cardio changes, fever, mental status changes, and hypoglycemia are all signs of -

Addison’s disease

how is Addison’s treated?

replace missing hormones (IV or PO hydrocortisone)

weight gain, linear growth stop, weakness, and fatigue are signs of -

Cushing’s syndrome

what are common treatments for Cushing’s Syndrome?

adjust corticosteroid treatment and remove tumor

polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss, and dehydration are all signs of -

type 1 diabetes

polyuria, fatigue, frequent infections, ketosis, and overweight are signs of -

type 2 diabetes

at what rate is insulin given to children in DKA?

0.1 unit/kg/hour

what is the fastest you can reduce glucose in a child with DKA?

100mg/hour