Terms 1 Updated

Mesmerize

ability to deeply captivate and influence people.

Distribution

spread of goods, ideas, or people across different regions

Expansion

process of increasing territory by extending boundaries by conquest or colonization

Migration

permanant move to another location

Encompass

coverage of a broad range of topics, regions, or time periods within a particular historical study or event.

developments

significant changes, advancements, or events that shape the course of history over time.

Millennia

events, trends, or changes that occur over thousands of years

dispersals

spreading people, ideas, goods, or cultural practices from one place to various other locations.

linguistic

language, including the structure, development, and use of languages.

metallurgy

science and technology of working with metals. Involves extracting metals from ores, refining them, and then shaping them into useful objects.

ethnography

study and systematic recording of human cultures and societies.

nomadism

frequent movement from one place to another, to hunt and gather.

centralize

process of concentrating control .

consolidation

bringing together or uniting

emergence

the process of coming into existence or becoming prominent

maritime

relates to the sea or ocean, navigation, trade, and activities associated with the sea.

territorial

relates to issues or aspects involving land or territory.

fragmentation

process of breaking something into smaller, often disconnected parts.

State formation

the process by which a political entity develops and establishes itself as a recognized state with structured governance, defined territories, and institutions.

continuity

refers to the aspects of history that remain consistent or unchanged over time despite various changes and developments

textiles

any type of woven, knitted, fabric used for clothing, household items.

Artisanal labor

work done by skilled craftsmen and artisans who create goods by hand

productive

refers to the ability to generate or create goods, services, or outputs efficiently.

sultanate

a form of Islamic government ruled by a sultan,

retain

keep or continue to have something over time.

Implications

possible effects, consequences, or outcomes of a particular action, event, or decision.

predominant

something that is the most common, important, or influential among a group or in a particular context

Coerced labor

refers to work that is obtained through force, threats, or other forms of pressure, rather than voluntary participation.

diversity

refers to the presence and inclusion of a range of different elements, such as people, cultures, ideas, or practices.

facilitate

to make a process easier or more manageable.

efficiency

ability to achieve a desired outcome with minimal waste of time, effort, or resources.

Cultural diffusion

spread of cultural beliefs, practices, technologies, and ideas from one society or group to another.

biological diffusion

the spread and distribution of biological entities, such as plants, animals, or diseases, from one region to another.

Gender structure

the organization and arrangement of gender roles, expectations, and relations within a society.

tribute

refers to a form of payment or contribution made by one entity to another, often as a sign of respect, submission, or alliance.

legitimize

make something acceptable or recognized as valid, often through formal approval, legal sanction, or widespread acceptance.

interconnection

the state of being connected or linked with one another in various ways, creating a network of relationships or interactions.

transoceanic

something that involves or spans across oceans.

syncretic

the combination or blending of different religious, cultural,

Regional wind

wind patterns that are characteristic of specific geographic regions, influenced by local topography, climate, and seasonal changes.

Current patterns

the movement and flow of ocean currents and atmospheric currents that affect weather, climate, and marine navigation.

sponsorship

refers to the support, usually financial, provided by an individual, organization, or government to fund or promote a project, event, or initiative

Indigenous

original inhabitants or native peoples of a particular region, including their cultures, traditions, and languages

catastrophic

severe damage, disruption, or suffering.

mercantalist

balance of trade to increase national wealth and power

global

refers to something that encompasses or relates to the entire world

charter

formal document that grants rights, privileges, or powers to an individual, organization, or institution.

flourish

refers to a state of thriving, growing vigorously, or achieving success.

Cultural synthesis

process by which elements from different cultures are combined

fluctuated

changes or variations in a situation, value, or condition that occur over time.

economic elites

individuals or groups that hold significant wealth, economic power, and influence within a society.

empiricist

someone who believes that we gain knowledge primarily through our senses and observations.

philosopher

individuals who have significantly influenced historical developments through their ideas and writings.

Natural rights

rights that are considered inherent to all human beings, regardless of laws or government.

Social contract

concept that explores the agreement between individuals and their government or society about the rules and responsibilities governing their behavior.

Gender hierarchy

social system in which individuals are ranked and valued differently based on their gender.

foster

encourage, promote, or nurture the development or growth of something

commonality

shared traits, features, or characteristics that are present among different people, groups, or things.

monarchist

someone who supports or advocates for a political system (king, queen, emperor, etc.) is the head of state.

liberalism

political and economic philosophy that advocates for individual freedoms

naturalist

someone who studies and observes the natural world

proximity

nearness or closeness of objects,

Internal reform

refers to changes or improvements made within an organization, state, or society

proliferation

rapid increase or spread of something, such as ideas, technologies, or phenomena.

Transnational

activities, that extend beyond national boundaries and involve multiple countries.

espouse

adopt, support, or advocate for a particular idea, cause, or belief.

Infrastructure

fundamental physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society

precede

to come before something in time, order, or position.

Peripheries

outer or less central areas of a system, region, or entity.

Finished goods

products that have been completed through the manufacturing process and are ready for sale to consumers or other businesses.

commodities

basic goods or raw materials that are traded, typically in bulk,

unindustrialized societies

societies or regions that have not undergone significant industrialization,

transplant

move or transfer something from one place to another.

regulate

actions taken by governments or authorities to control,manage,

repressive

actions or policies by a government or authority that are meant to control, limit, people’s freedoms, rights,or behaviors.

repercussions

consequences or effects that result from action,or decision

extremist

individual or group that holds radical views and often advocates for drastic, sometimes violent actions to achieve their goals.

sentiments

feelings,attitudes, or opinions held by individuals or groups

dissolution

formal or gradual process of breaking up,

proxy war

conflict where powerful countries support different sides in another country's war without directly fighting each other.

post colonial

period and conditions in countries after they have gained independence from colonial rule.

resettlement

process of moving people from one place to another, often due to conflict,natural disasters, or government policies.

metropole

main hub of political economic, and cultural power.

global association

organization that operates internationally and brings together members from various countries to work on common goals or issues.

economic liberalization

process of reducing government restrictions economic activities to promote economic ideas that advocate for minimal government intervention in the economy

global integration

process of different countries and regions becoming more interconnected and interdependent through economic,political, and social interactions

transcend

idea going beyond traditional boundaries or limitations often leading to significant changes or advancements in societies ,cultures, or ideologies

rights based discourse

discussions centered around the concept of human rights.

consumer culture

consumption of goods became central to people's lives and identities.

commercial isolation

where a country or region is cut off or deliberately isolates itself from trade with other nations.

deregulation

process of reducing government regulations and restrictions in an industry,

long standing

events, practices, that have persisted over a significant period of time,