Chapter 9: Surgical Pharmacology and Anesthesia; Short Answer: Medication

Describe why certain medications have been identified as controlled substances by the Controlled Substances Act of 1970.

Certain medications have been identified as controlled substances due to their level of addictiveness and therapeutic potential.

Why do certain medications have to be prescribed? What are the key elements that must be identified for a prescription?

If used inappropriately, could cause harm to the patient. The prescription must include name, dose, quantity, and timing of medication.

Which type of drug has been designated as OTC?

Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)

Drug Names:

(A) Describe the three names given to a drug

(B) Which name is most likely to be used in the health care setting?

(C) What is the significance of look-alike and sound-alike medications?

(A) Trade, Generic, Chemical

(B) Generic

(C) Care should be taken to verify the generic name to reduce the potential for medication errors.

Identify the three main theories that have been developed to explain drug action.

1) Drug-receptor interaction

2) Drug-enzyme reaction

3) Nonspecific drug reaction

What factors affect the dosage of a medication?

Patient's age, weight, & overall medical condition; the delivery route of the medication & recommended maximum dosage.

Why should the concentration of a medication be carefully checked on the medication vial or ampule?

The dosage is commonly expressed by ratio of medication concentration per kilograms of patient body weight.

Why can drug classifications become confusing?

Classifications can overlap and a specific drug may be cross-referenced in several categories.

What medication information is the surgical technologist responsible for?

Name, classification, actions, indications, uses in the surgical setting and dosage for the use in the surgical setting.

Who is primarily responsible for approving the medications for use in the United States?

The FDA is primarily responsible for approving the medications for the use in the United States.