Med Chem Quiz 2 Phase 1 and 2 metabolism

aromatic hydroxylation

phase 1

add an OH group on an aromatic ring para to EWG/EDG

expoxide formation

phase 1

form a triangle with O on an nonaromatic ring

benzylic carbon oxidation

phase 1

add an OH to carbon directly attached to benzene ring, can be oxidized to CA

allylic carbon oxidation

phase 1

add an OH group to carbon next to the double bond

oxidation adjacent to carbonyl groups

phase 1

the carbon next to a carbonyl group turns into alcohol

chain oxidations

phase 1

the terminal or next to terminal c (major product) gets oxidized

N-demethylation

phase 1

girl what it sounds like

O-dealkylation

phase 1

girl what it sounds like

Sulfur oxidation/reduction

phase 1

pro drug gets reduced but then the metabolite gets oxidized to be eliminated

catalyzed by flavin monoooxygenses

ester hydrolysis

phase 1

going from ester to carboxylate plus an alcohol

amide hydrolysis

phase 1

amide to CA and NH3

metabolic reduction with ketones/aldehydes

phase 1

ketones and aldehydes can be turned into OH groups

metabolic reduction with nitrogen

phase 1

RNO2 to RNH2

glucurnidation

phase 2

replaces OH with glucronidate

sulfate conjugation

phase 2

replaces OH with sulfate

amino acid conjugation

phase

amide is formed with glycine

aspirin

N-acetyltransferase

phase 2

adds an acetyl group to HN2

What is glutathione conjugation?

A phase 2 metabolic process where GSH is added to electrophilic sites on molecules.

What phase of metabolism does glutathione conjugation belong to?

Phase 2

What types of sites does GSH target during glutathione conjugation?

Electrophilic sites such as epoxides and electron deficient aromatic rings.

Why is glutathione conjugation important?

It is important in detoxifying acetaminophen overdose.

what are the second proteins involved with cyto p450s

reductases

1A2 P450s

planar, basic, medium volume