Introduction to Australian Politics

A series of flashcards designed to help review key concepts and definitions related to Australian political parties and their roles in the political system.

What are the key functions of a political party?

Shape power struggles, form governments and oppositions, unite interests, generate political will, develop policies, inform voters, recruit leaders, and mobilize support.

What is the collective action problem in democracy?

A situation where individuals would be better off cooperating but fail to do so due to conflicting individual interests.

What is a party system?

The interaction of parties resulting from inter-party competition.

What are examples of party systems?

Single party, dominant party, two-party, multiparty.

What are factions within political parties?

Coalitions of groups that make common cause within a party.

What is the Party Room?

A room in parliament where elected representatives from one party meet to elect leadership and develop strategy.

What is the origin of the Australian Labor Party (ALP)?

Founded in 1891 by sheep shearers in Barcaldine and progressive middle-class actors in Sydney.

What role do trade unions play in the ALP?

Unions are central to the formation and life of the ALP, providing funding and membership.

What was the immediate catalyst for the formation of the ALP?

The 1890s depression.

What is the significance of 'The Pledge' in the ALP?

Party policy made by elected delegates; members must pledge to vote according to party lines.

What challenges does the ALP face today?

Negotiating the decline of the labor movement and winning elections amid diverse constituency demands.

What are the origins of the Liberal Party?

Formed in 1909 from a merger of free traders and Deakinites.

What was Robert Menzies' vision for the Liberal Party?

A credible united liberal alternative to socialism, focused on individual enterprise and social progress.

What changes in Liberal Party ideology were seen from 1945 to 1983?

Turn towards social liberalism with a commitment to the individual and state support for self-improvement.

What factors contribute to the rise of non-major parties?

Increasing dissatisfaction with major parties, desire for single-issue campaigning, and disillusionment with traditional politics.

How do independents function in Australian politics?

They represent specific regions or issues rather than seeking to govern broadly.

What is a key challenge faced by the Nationals party?

Maintaining a separate identity as a junior coalition partner while facing a long-term decline in primary votes.

What defining ideas do the Greens party champion?

Climate action, sustainability, social welfare, and refugee rights.

What is the Party Room?

A room in parliament where elected representatives from one party meet to elect leadership and develop strategy.

What trend has affected traditional party membership in many democracies?

A general decline in mass party membership, leading to voter volatility and reliance on professional campaign staff.

How has the internal structure of political parties evolved in modern democracies?

Increased professionalisation, with a greater reliance on hired experts (e.g., pollsters, strategists) over volunteer activists.

What factors contribute to the decline of public trust in major political parties and government?

Perceived failures in governance, political scandals, lack of policy distinction between major parties, and increased media scrutiny.

How does a decline in government trust impact voter behaviour regarding minor parties?

Voters seek alternatives, leading to increased support for minor parties and independents who offer distinct policy stances or represent specific grievances.