Pearson CNS

An elevated ridge on the surface of the cerebrum is known as a __________.

gyrus

Our conscious processes, such as planning movement, interpreting incoming sensory stimuli, and complex higher functions, are all functions of the:

cerebral cortex (neocortex)

Which brain nucleus serves as the body's 'master clock'?

Suprachiastmatic nucleus

The ability to produce language is a function of _________, whereas the ability to understand language is a function of _________.

Broca's area; Wernicki's area

Which of the following structures connects the brain to the spinal cord?

brainstem

What type of fiber carries information from the frontal lobe of the right cerebral hemisphere to the occipital lobe of the same cerebral hemisphere?

association fibers

Cognition is best described as __________.

recognizing, processing, planning, and responding to stimuli

The cerebellum functions in __________.

the planning and coordination of movement

The most important part of the brain in terms of our immediate survival is the:

brainstem

What provides a link between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Hypothalamus

While playing Frisbee with your friends, you are able to track it in the air when it is your turn to catch it because of your:

parietal association cortex

The primary visual cortex is located in the:

occipital lobe

Bundles of white matter in the cerebrum are known as __________.

tracts

Imbalances to temperature homeostasis, weight loss, a decrease in cognitive abilities, hallucinations and even death may all be caused by:

sleep deprivation

It is in the medulla oblongata that corticospinal tracts __________, meaning that the motor fibers originating from the right cerebral cortex descend through the left side of the spinal cord, and vice versa.

decussate

The deep grooves in the cerebrum are known as:

fissures

Which of the following areas of white matter is not located within the cerebral hemispheres?

funiculi

The _________ regulates homeostasis, the autonomic nervous system, the endocrine system, and the sleep/wake cycle.

hypothalamus

Integrative functions are carried out by the:

central nervous system

Nearly all stimuli destined for the cerebral cortex must first pass through the ________.

thalamus

What component of the diencephalon secretes the hormone melatonin?

pineal gland

Plans and executes complex movement

frontal lobe

Integrates somatic sensory information like touch

parietal lobe

First area to receive visual information

occipital lobe

first area to receive auditory stimuli

temporal lobe

What structure(s) of the brain is/are concerned directly with the maintenance of homeostasis?

hypothalamus and reticular formation

What are the three primary brain vesicles that form from the neural tube?

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

What functional brain system participates in memory, learning, emotion, and behavior?

limbic system

The innermost, delicate meninx that follows the gyri and sulci of the brain is known as the:

pia mater

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by __________ and reabsorbed through arachnoid granulations into __________.

choroid plexuses; dural sinuses

Astrocytes and tight junctions create a barrier to viruses and bacteria known as __________.

the blood-brain barrier

The memory that includes skills and associations that are largely subconscious is known as __________ memory.

non-declarative

You've looked for your keys for the past 10 minutes in several different places. The ability to keep track of the places you've already looked is stored in __________.

short-term (working) memory

The third ventricle of the brain drains into the fourth ventricle via the:

cerebral aqueduct

Which of the following is the correct statement about the ventricles of the brain?

The choroid plexus, found in all ventricles, is responsible for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates through the __________.

subarachnoid space

Skeletal muscles are innervated by neurons that have cell bodies located in the _________ of the spinal cord gray matter.

anterior horn

Which of the following should not cross the blood-brain barrier with ease?

large, polar molecules

The __________ contains the cell bodies of neurons responsible for motor control of the viscera via the autonomic nervous system.

lateral horn

The hole in the spinal cord through which CSF flows is the __________.

central canal

The cauda equina is __________.

a bundle of spinal nerve roots

Somatic sensory neuron cell bodies are located in the __________.

posterior root ganglion

The outermost, tough layer that forms a durable, protective covering around the brain

dura mater

A web-like layer that provides a cushioning effect and houses cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

arachnoid mater

Directly covers and adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord, following their contours

pia mater

The space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater where CSF circulates and absorbs shock

subarachnoid space

Venous channels that drain CSF and deoxygenated blood from the brain's many veins

dural sinuses

Structures involved in the reabsorption of CSF into the bloodstream

arachnoid granulations

The periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater are fused together in all regions except:

dural sinuses

Which parts of the brain are involved in the storage of long-term memory?

hippocampus, amygdala, and frontal lobe

What information is received by the primary vestibular cortex?

equilibrium

Motor areas of the cerebral cortex, the basal nuclei, the cerebellum, and the spinal cord are all involved with:

planning and coordinating voluntary movement

The thalamus serves as a direct gateway into the cerebral cortex for all special sensory stimuli except for __________.

olfaction

Transmit sensory information to the spinal cord

first-order neurons

Carry information from the spinal cord to the brain

second-order neurons

Transmit information from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex.

third-order neurons

The tracts of the anterolateral system decussate in the _______, whereas the tracts of the posterior columns decussate in the _________.

posterior horn; medulla

Which special sense does not travel through the thalamus at any point in its transmission?

olfaction

Where is the sensation of touch first processed?

primary somatosensory cortex

A critical function of the basal nuclei is to:

inhibit inappropriate movement

Gustatory stimuli are stimuli pertaining to:

taste

What part of the brain modifies the activity of upper motor neurons to produce voluntary movements and inhibit involuntary ones?

basal nuclei

An individual with damage to the ________ will have difficulty in continuing a movement in a smooth, fluid, balanced fashion after it has been initiated.

cerebellum

Second-order neurons will synapse with third-order neurons located in the:

thalamus

Which of the following general somatic senses is not considered a mechanical sense?

temperature

Where are the cell bodies of lower motor neurons located?

anterior horn of spinal gray matter

Motor error, or the difference between the intended movement and the actual movement that is taking place, is regulated by the:

cerebellum