Video Notes: 1st Quarter Reviewer – Applying Measurements in Physics (Vocabulary Flashcards)

Vocabulary flashcards covering measurement concepts, SI base units, prefixes, and scientific notation from the lecture notes.

Measurement

The art of comparing unknown values to a standard; a quantity that can be measured.

Magnitude

A measurement expressed as a number and a unit.

Unit

The standard in which physical quantities are expressed.

Fundamental Quantities

Basic quantities that are independent of one another; there are seven fundamental quantities.

Derived Quantities

Quantities formed by combining fundamental quantities.

Kilogram (kg)

SI base unit of mass; defined by the international prototype kilogram.

Ampere (A)

SI base unit of electric current; a constant current in specified conditions defines it.

Second (s)

SI base unit of time; defined by 9,192,631,770 periods of the cesium-133 atom’s radiation.

Kelvin (K)

SI base unit of temperature; 0 K is absolute zero; Celsius to Kelvin is adding 273.15.

Mole (mol)

SI base unit of amount of substance; amount containing as many entities as in 0.012 kg of carbon-12 (Avogadro’s number).

Meter (m)

SI base unit of length; distance light travels in vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second.

Candela (cd)

SI base unit of luminous intensity.

Scientific Notation

A convenient way to express very large or very small numbers as a mantissa times a power of ten.

Mantissa

The significant figure in scientific notation, a number between 1 and 10.

Exponent

The power of ten in scientific notation.

Avogadro’s Number

Approximately 6.022×10^23 entities per mole.

Prefix (Metric)

A prefix that indicates a tenfold multiplier for a base unit.

Kilo (k)

10^3; one thousand times the base unit.

Milli (m)

10^-3; one thousandth of the base unit.

Nano (n)

10^-9; one billionth of the base unit.