French revolution

Bourgeoisie

member of the middle class which includes merchants, business men, etc.

Constitution of 1791

created by the National Assembly, limited democracy which still included a king but a legislative established the laws (active vs. passive citizens). All three estates have equal power in governmnet.

Nationalism

Loyalty and pride in ones country

Storming of the Bastille

800 sans culottes stormed the Bastille demanding gunpowder and weapons, about 100 were killed and it was a wake up call for the King about the violent direction his country was taking. It is now seen as the day France earned its independence from the Monarchy.

National Assembly

A revolutionary assembly formed from the tennis court oath by the representatives of the third estate which pledged for a new constitution to limit the monarchy's power. One huge action they took was passing the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

The Great Fear

Time period stemmed form the storming of the Bastille. The nobility began to fear for their lived because of the constant peasant uprisings.

Committee of Public Safety

Their role was to protect the new republic against foreign and domestic enemies and oversee the new functions of the government.

March on Versailles

Women facing bread shortages and rising prices marched to Versailles, demanding the royal family return to Paris to see how their actions were ruining the country.

Guillotine

A machine for beheading people, which became the ultimate symbol of revolutionary justice and spread fear among the population.

Reign of Terror

Led by Robespierre, attempt to eliminate counter-revolutionaries with the guillotine.

Declaration of the Rights of Man

created by the National Assembly, established principles of liberty, equality, and natural rights. This made it known that sovereignty belonged to the people, not the monarchy, and guaranteed freedom of speech

Tennis Court Oath

vow by members of the third estate not to stop protesting until a constitution was written (national assembly)

Execution of Louis XVI

Put on trial for treason and found guilty which led to a public execution by a guillotine. Some saw this action as a beginning to democracy while others saw it as unjustified violence.

National Convention

made up of the Girodins and the Jacobins, who were elected to provide a new constitution for France after the monarchy was abolished

Louis XVI

The last absolute monarch of France, executed during the Revolution, was married to Marie Attionette

Marie Antoinette

The last queen of France, wasted money on luxury items, executed by the guillotine.

Robespierre

Gained attention as a Jacobin leader and member of the committee of public safety during the Reign of Terror and was eventually executed because people thought he was responsible for the Reign of Terror.

Sans-culottes

radical, working-class revolutionaries, pushed for social and economic change.

Jacobins

a club led by Robespierre, represented by generally the middle class, was a revolutionary political movement. They supported equal rights.

Royalists

individuals who supported the absolute monarchy, mostly the clergy

First Estate

made up of the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church.

Olympe de Gouges

Advocate for women's rights (wanted men and women to be equal), executed for opposing Robespierre's rule.

Second Estate

made up of the nobility\

Third Estate

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97% of the population They consisted of the bourgeoisie, the san-culottes, and the peasants; they paid high taxes and had no special privileges

Abbé Sieyès

a representative of the National Assembly who issued a pamphlet advocating the rights of the Third Estate

Impact of the Revolution

Ending the monarchy, inspiring nationalism, promoting human rights, and leading to long-term political instability and the rise of Napoleon.

Problems with the social structure of the Three Estates.

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There was an unequal distribution of wealth and power, privalege towards the first and second estates, and the disadvantages of the third estate in the estate-general.

Causes of France's economic problems prior to the Revolution.

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The economics problems stemmed from the harsh wars (Seven Years War), unfair tax system, extravagant spending (Marie Antoinette), and food shortages (rising of bread prices).

Main events and accomplishments of the early stages of the Revolution - including the reforms of the National Assembly.

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Storming of the Bastille, the Tennis Court Oath, and the women's march on Versailles. These led to the reforms of the National Assembly including establishing civil rights and creating a constitutional monarchy.

"Liberty, Fraternity, and Equality."

symbol of the revolution, signifying the core values of freedom, equality, and unity.

The Reign of Terror - Origins

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fueled by a combination of internal political instability (disagreement on king power), foreign threats (other European powers), and radical revolutionary factions (Jacobins).

The Reign of Terror- Outcomes. Using terror as a tactic.

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Around 1,700 people were executed by use of the guillotine. They used terror as a tactic to instill fear in those who wanted to against the revolutionary's protests.

Role of Women in the French Revolution.

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Even though women were still overlooked they played a significant role. They participated in events (women's march on Versailles), people like Olympe de Gouges risked their lives to fight for gender equality, and they hosted salons.

Flight to Varennes (1791)

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette tried to flee in the middle of the night but were caught at Varennes and escorted back to Paris. This led to the Jacobins to call for an end to the monarchy.

War against Austria

Revolutionaries wanted war because they thought war would unify the country and had ax desire to spread the ideas of the Revolution to all of Europe.

September massacres (1792)

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revolutionaries break into prisons across France and massacre thousands of innocent people for fear that political prisoners will help the Austrian-Prussian army