Lecture 12 (Equine and Bovine Thoracic and Abdominal Anatomy)
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89 Terms
What is the Cranial Border of the Equine Thorax?
1st rib/cartilage, manubrium, and T1 (thoracic inlet)
What is the Caudal Border of the Equine Thorax?
Diaphragm
What is the Lateral Border of the Equine Thorax?
Ribs/Cartilage and intercoastal muscles
What is the Dorsal Border of the Equine Thorax?
Thoracic vertebrae and longus colli m.
What is the Ventral Border of the Equine Thorax?
Sternum, Costal Cartilage, and transverse thoracis m.
What are the attachments of the longus colli m.?
Atlas —> T6 vertebrae
What is the actions of the Longus colli m.?
Flexor of the thoracic vertebrae
What are the parts of the diaphragm?
Costal, Sternal, and Lumbar
What does the coastal portion of the diaphragm attach to?
rib cartilages
What does the sternal portion of the diaphragm attach to?
dorsal surface of xiphoid cartilage
What does the lumbar portion of the diaphragm attach to?
right and left crura lumbar vertebrae
What is the main action of the diaphragm?
Main muscle of respiration
What structure(s) are demonstrated with the red box?
Aorta with the celiac artery in the aortic hiatus
What structure(s) are demonstrated with the blue box?
Oesophagus in the oesophageal hiatus
What structure(s) are demonstrated with yellow box?
Caudal vena cava in the caval foramen
What are the openings of the diaphragm?
Aortic hiatus, Esophageal hiatus, and Caval foramen
Where is the aortic hiatus located?
Diaphragm: located between the two crura
Where is the esophageal hiatus located?
Diaphragm: perforates the right crus near its junction with the central tendon
Where is the caval foramen hiatus located?
Diaphragm: courses through central tendon on the right side
What is the diaphragm boundary for both equine and bovine?
6th Intercostal Space/ 6th rib
How many ribs do horses and ruminants have?
Horses: 18 pairs
Ruminants: 13 pairs
Where is the olecranon frequently found?
5th Intercostal Space
What does this photo show?
Locomotor Respiratory Coupling
t/f: The thoracic cavity is the same as the pleural cavity.
False
the pleural cavity is inside of the thoracic cavity; pleural cavity is referring to a space between the visceral and parietal pleura.
What does the yellow box refer to?
Parietal Pleura
What does the orange box refer to?
Mediastinal pleura
What does the green box refer to?
Cranial portion of Mediastinal Pleura
What does the blue box refer to?
Middle or pericardic of Mediastinal Pleura
What does the pink box refer to?
Caudal portion of parietal pleura
What does the purple box refer to?
Diaphragmatic Pleura
What does the red box refer to?
Costal Pleura
What does the white box refer to?
Pleural Cavities
What does the brown box refer to?
Mediastinum
What is the pleural cavities separated by?
Mediastinum
t/f: The mediastinum is not complete in the horse.
True
What does the blue box refer to?
Left recurrent laryngeal
What does the green box refer to?
Thoracic duct
What does the pink box refer to?
Cranial mediastinal L.N
What does the purple box refer to?
Thymus
What does the red box refer to?
Left Phrenic
What does the yellow box refer to?
Vagus Nerve
What does the orange box refer to?
Trachea
What does the brown box refer to?
Esophagus
What does the white box refer to?
Sympathetic trunk
What structure is close to the vagus nerve?
Esophagus
Which structure “heads back to the larynx” and makes a turn at the arch of the aorta?
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
What structure is the most commonly damaged from hyperextension in the neck?
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
*more common than the right
What does the red box refer to?
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
What does the blue box refer to?
Aortic Arch
What does the yellow box refer to?
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
What does the purple box refer to?
Right subclavian artery
What does the red box refer to?
Thyroid Gland
What does the yellow box refer to?
Trachea
What does the blue box refer to?
Cervical lobe with left lateral crus
What does the purple box refer to?
Intermediate lobe
What does the green box refer to?
Thoracic lobe
What does the orange box refer to?
Visceral Pulmonary pleura
How much fluid is in the pleural cavities?
Scant amount of serous fluid
What does the blue box refer to?
Pleural Cupula
What structure is the cranial extent of the pleural cavity?
Pleural Cupula
What are the boundaries of pleural cupula?
It extends cranial of the first rib and the right space is larger compared to the left space.
What does the red box refer to?
Diaphragmatic Pleura
What does the yellow box refer to?
Costal Pleura
What does the blue box refer to?
Costodiaphragmatic Recess
What space is ventral to the lungs?
Costomediastinal recess
What are the lines of pleural reflection?
-Equine: 8th to 18th rib
-Bovine: 8th to 13th rib
What is the cranial boundary of the Equine abdomen?
DIaphragmm
What is the caudal boundary of the Equine abdomen?
Pelvic inlet
What is the dorsal boundary of the Equine abdomen?
Lumbar vertebrae, diaphragm, & sublumbar muscles
What is the lateral boundary of the Equine abdomen?
Abdominal wall muscles and diaphragm
What is the ventral boundary of the Equine abdomen?
Abdominal wall muscles, linea alba, and prepubic tendon
What are the muscles in the Equine sublumbar muscle group?
Psoas minor m., iliopsoas m. (psoas major m. and iliacus m.), and quadratus lumborum m.
What is the attachment of the psoas minor muscle?
Lumbar vertebrae —> body of ilium
What are the two portions of the iliopsoas m.?
Psoas major m. and iliacus m.
What are the attachments of the iliopsoas m.?
-Psoas Major m.: Lumbar vertebrae —> lesser trochanter
-Iliacus m.: Wing of ilium —> lesser trochanter
What is the attachment of the quadratus lumborum m.?
Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae —> wind of the sacrum and ilium
What does the red box refer to?
Dorsal Mesentary
What does the blue box refer to?
Peritoneal cavity
What does the yellow box refer to?
Visceral peritoneum
What does the purple box refer to?
Parietal Peritoneum
What does retroperitoneal mean?
Outside of the peritoneal cavity
What structures have a retroperitoneal location?
Kidneys (except for the left kidney in the ruminant)
Adrenal glands
Ureters
Major Vessels (aorta and caudal vena cava)
What does the blue box refer to?
Caudal vena cava
What does the red box refer to?
Kidneys
What does the yellow box refer to?
Adrenal Glands
What does the purple box refer to?
Ureters
What structure connects the greater curvature of the stomach and the initial part of the duodenum with the terminal part of the large colon and initial part of the small colon (which connects to the dorsal body wall)?
Greater omentum
What structure connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum with the liver and holds the hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament?
Lesser omentum
Where is the descending duodenum?
Right side