Lecture 12 (Equine and Bovine Thoracic and Abdominal Anatomy)

What is the Cranial Border of the Equine Thorax?

What is the Cranial Border of the Equine Thorax?

1st rib/cartilage, manubrium, and T1 (thoracic inlet)

What is the Caudal Border of the Equine Thorax?

Diaphragm

What is the Lateral Border of the Equine Thorax?

Ribs/Cartilage and intercoastal muscles

What is the Dorsal Border of the Equine Thorax?

Thoracic vertebrae and longus colli m.

What is the Ventral Border of the Equine Thorax?

Sternum, Costal Cartilage, and transverse thoracis m.

What are the attachments of the longus colli m.?

Atlas —> T6 vertebrae

What is the actions of the Longus colli m.?

Flexor of the thoracic vertebrae

What are the parts of the diaphragm?

Costal, Sternal, and Lumbar

What does the coastal portion of the diaphragm attach to?

rib cartilages

What does the sternal portion of the diaphragm attach to?

dorsal surface of xiphoid cartilage

What does the lumbar portion of the diaphragm attach to?

right and left crura lumbar vertebrae

What is the main action of the diaphragm?

Main muscle of respiration

What structure(s) are demonstrated with the red box?

Aorta with the celiac artery in the aortic hiatus

What structure(s) are demonstrated with the blue box?

Oesophagus in the oesophageal hiatus

What structure(s) are demonstrated with yellow box?

Caudal vena cava in the caval foramen

What are the openings of the diaphragm?

Aortic hiatus, Esophageal hiatus, and Caval foramen

Where is the aortic hiatus located?

Diaphragm: located between the two crura

Where is the esophageal hiatus located?

Diaphragm: perforates the right crus near its junction with the central tendon

Where is the caval foramen hiatus located?

Diaphragm: courses through central tendon on the right side

What is the diaphragm boundary for both equine and bovine?

6th Intercostal Space/ 6th rib

How many ribs do horses and ruminants have?

Horses: 18 pairs

Ruminants: 13 pairs

Where is the olecranon frequently found?

5th Intercostal Space

What does this photo show?

Locomotor Respiratory Coupling

t/f: The thoracic cavity is the same as the pleural cavity.

False

the pleural cavity is inside of the thoracic cavity; pleural cavity is referring to a space between the visceral and parietal pleura.

What does the yellow box refer to?

Parietal Pleura

What does the orange box refer to?

Mediastinal pleura

What does the green box refer to?

Cranial portion of Mediastinal Pleura

What does the blue box refer to?

Middle or pericardic of Mediastinal Pleura

What does the pink box refer to?

Caudal portion of parietal pleura

What does the purple box refer to?

Diaphragmatic Pleura

What does the red box refer to?

Costal Pleura

What does the white box refer to?

Pleural Cavities

What does the brown box refer to?

Mediastinum

What is the pleural cavities separated by?

Mediastinum

t/f: The mediastinum is not complete in the horse.

True

What does the blue box refer to?

Left recurrent laryngeal

What does the green box refer to?

Thoracic duct

What does the pink box refer to?

Cranial mediastinal L.N

What does the purple box refer to?

Thymus

What does the red box refer to?

Left Phrenic

What does the yellow box refer to?

Vagus Nerve

What does the orange box refer to?

Trachea

What does the brown box refer to?

Esophagus

What does the white box refer to?

Sympathetic trunk

What structure is close to the vagus nerve?

Esophagus

Which structure “heads back to the larynx” and makes a turn at the arch of the aorta?

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

What structure is the most commonly damaged from hyperextension in the neck?

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

*more common than the right

What does the red box refer to?

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

What does the blue box refer to?

Aortic Arch

What does the yellow box refer to?

Right recurrent laryngeal nerve

What does the purple box refer to?

Right subclavian artery

What does the red box refer to?

Thyroid Gland

What does the yellow box refer to?

Trachea

What does the blue box refer to?

Cervical lobe with left lateral crus

What does the purple box refer to?

Intermediate lobe

What does the green box refer to?

Thoracic lobe

What does the orange box refer to?

Visceral Pulmonary pleura

How much fluid is in the pleural cavities?

Scant amount of serous fluid

What does the blue box refer to?

Pleural Cupula

What structure is the cranial extent of the pleural cavity?

Pleural Cupula

What are the boundaries of pleural cupula?

It extends cranial of the first rib and the right space is larger compared to the left space.

What does the red box refer to?

Diaphragmatic Pleura

What does the yellow box refer to?

Costal Pleura

What does the blue box refer to?

Costodiaphragmatic Recess

What space is ventral to the lungs?

Costomediastinal recess

What are the lines of pleural reflection?

-Equine: 8th to 18th rib

-Bovine: 8th to 13th rib

What is the cranial boundary of the Equine abdomen?

DIaphragmm

What is the caudal boundary of the Equine abdomen?

Pelvic inlet

What is the dorsal boundary of the Equine abdomen?

Lumbar vertebrae, diaphragm, & sublumbar muscles

What is the lateral boundary of the Equine abdomen?

Abdominal wall muscles and diaphragm

What is the ventral boundary of the Equine abdomen?

Abdominal wall muscles, linea alba, and prepubic tendon

What are the muscles in the Equine sublumbar muscle group?

Psoas minor m., iliopsoas m. (psoas major m. and iliacus m.), and quadratus lumborum m.

What is the attachment of the psoas minor muscle?

Lumbar vertebrae —> body of ilium

What are the two portions of the iliopsoas m.?

Psoas major m. and iliacus m.

What are the attachments of the iliopsoas m.?

-Psoas Major m.: Lumbar vertebrae —> lesser trochanter

-Iliacus m.: Wing of ilium —> lesser trochanter

What is the attachment of the quadratus lumborum m.?

Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae —> wind of the sacrum and ilium

What does the red box refer to?

Dorsal Mesentary

What does the blue box refer to?

Peritoneal cavity

What does the yellow box refer to?

Visceral peritoneum

What does the purple box refer to?

Parietal Peritoneum

What does retroperitoneal mean?

Outside of the peritoneal cavity

What structures have a retroperitoneal location?

• Kidneys (except for the left kidney in the ruminant)

• Adrenal glands

• Ureters

• Major Vessels (aorta and caudal vena cava)

What does the blue box refer to?

Caudal vena cava

What does the red box refer to?

Kidneys

What does the yellow box refer to?

Adrenal Glands

What does the purple box refer to?

Ureters

What structure connects the greater curvature of the stomach and the initial part of the duodenum with the terminal part of the large colon and initial part of the small colon (which connects to the dorsal body wall)?

Greater omentum

What structure connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum with the liver and holds the hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament?

Lesser omentum

Where is the descending duodenum?

Right side