Bio Unit 1 - Scientific Method

Observation

Something that is noticed and is experienced from the 5 senses

Inference

A conclusion reached from observations

Scientific Method

A process that involves researching and experimenting on a hypothesis to draw a conclusion.

1st Step of Scientific Method

Creating observations that lead to inferences

2nd Step of Scientific Method

Stating a testable question/identifying the problem

3rd Step of Scientific Method

Researching the problem and ensuring that sources are reliable

4th Step of Scientific Method

Generate a hypothesis that attempts to solve the problem (if…then…because…)

5th Step of Scientific Method

Design/conduct an experiment/test that is linked to the hypothesis

6th Step of Scientific Method

Draw a conclusion based on the experiments

Independent Variable

The variable that affects the dependent variable. It is the only variable that is changed within experiments. Also, it is on the X axis for graphs.

Dependent Variable

The variable that is being measured/the outcome. It is on the Y axis for graphs.

Controlled Variable

The variable that is remained constant throughout the experiment

Experimental Group

The group that receives the independent variable.

Control Group

The group that does NOT receive the independent variable.

Triple-Beam Balance

Equipment used to measure mass (grams and kilograms)

Graduated cylinder

Equipment used to measure volume (mL, and is measure by the meniscus)

Meniscus

The lowest point a graduated cylinder measures. It is on the curve of the surface of the liquid in the cylinder.

Bar graph

A graph that includes different bars that represent different quantities. This graph is used for overall comparison.

Pie graph

A graph that includes a circle that is divided into parts. This graph is used for comparison of things as a whole.

Line graph

A graph that shows change over time.

Scientific Theory

A long-standing hypothesis that cannot be 100% proven right

Scientific Law

A conclusion that is 100% right, cannot be disproved (eg. Newton’s Laws)