GENCHEM

Physical Properties

can be observed or measured without changing the substance identity

Chemical Properties

describe a substance ability to undergo a chemical change and form substances

Intensive Property

does not depend on the amount

Extensive Property

depends on the amount

Solid

definite shape and volume

Crystalline Solid

regular, repeating lattice structure (sharp melting point)

Amorphous Solid

irregular particle arrangement (no sharp melting point)

Liquid

definite volume, indefinite shape

Gases

indefinite shape and volume

Intramolecular Forces

hold atoms together within a molecule

Intermolecular Forces

attraction between molecules

London Dispersion Forces

present in all molecules weakest IMF

Dipole-Dipole Forces

occur between polar molecules

Hydrogen Bonding

strong IMF- occurs when it is bonded to N,O, or F

Viscosity

resistance of a liquid to flow

Surface Tension

tendency of a liquid to minimize it's surface area due to cohesive forces

Cohesive Forces

between like molecules

Adhesive Forces

between unlike molecules

Boiling Point

temperature at which a liquid vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure

Accuracy

closeness to the accepted true value

Precision

consistency of repeated measurements

Random Error

unpredictable, reduced by repeating trials

Systematic Error

due to faulty equipment or calibration

Homogeneous Mixture

uniform composition

Heterogeneous Mixture

non-uniform composition

Filtration

separates solid from liquid

Evaporation

recovers dissolved solid