Study Guide--EDIT

Stock Market Crash of 1929

A significant stock market collapse due to over-speculation and buying stocks on margin, leading to massive financial losses.n Within 2 months, $40 Billion dollars lost. over 500 banks collapsed in first three months

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

A 1930 law that raised tariffs on foreign goods, which led to international trade decline and retaliatory tariffs from other countries.

Dust Bowl

A period in the 1930s characterized by severe drought and soil erosion due to over-farming, causing massive dust storms and migration.

Rugged Individualism

Hoover's belief that individuals should be responsible for their own success, minimizing government intervention in the economy.

New Deal

FDR's series of programs aimed at providing relief, recovery, and reform during the Great Depression.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

A New Deal program that provided jobs for young men in conservation projects. (NATURE)

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

A New Deal agency that created millions of jobs through public works projects. MAINLY ARTISTSAINS

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

A government agency that built dams to provide electricity and control flooding in the South.

Social Security Act

Legislation that established a pension system for retirees and unemployment insurance. Fianced payroll tax by both employees and employers (FDR MADE)

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

A government program that insures bank deposits to protect against bank failures.

Totalitarianism

A system of government where one leader or party controls all aspects of life and individual freedoms are suppressed.

Appeasement

A diplomatic policy of making concessions to avoid conflict, notably practiced by Britain and France towards Hitler.

Battle of Midway

A crucial World War II battle in 1942 where the U.S. secured a decisive victory against Japan, marking a turning point in the Pacific.

D-Day

The Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, which was a key operation in the liberation of Western Europe.

Internment Camps

Facilities where Japanese Americans were confined during WWII due to fears of espionage and sabotage.

Document Analysis (HAPPY)

An acronym for Historical Context, Audience, Point of View, Purpose, and You; a method for analyzing primary sources.

Reliable Photograph

A photo that can be considered trustworthy based on factors such as the intent of the creator, context, and potential staging.

The Election of 1932

FDR promised “new deal” for the forgotten man” This promise saw a shift in Black voting from republication to deomocratic

FDR First One Hundred Days

currency reform-transition of gold to paper money

Glass-Stegall Act

Mangled currency would lead to inflation and allow repayment depts.

Glass-Stegall Act

created the FCIC to protect bank depositors and prevent bank failures.

Fireside Chats

FDR would host an informal radio broadcast to American public

-they united and assured the public by informing them on the banking crisis and idea FDR had

Who did FDR blame for the Depression and WHy?

Money changers and banks because FDR believed they are corrupt and made poor decisons. He accused them of causing the financial instability that led to the Great Depression.

first new deal (1933-1934)

restructured the econmy and banks

Second NEw Deal (1935-1938)

work programs, relief for farmers, manged nations resources

Federal Emergency Relief Administration

Created CWA for temporary employment (led by HArry C Hopkins)

AAA: Agricultural adivisment agency

paid farmers to drive up prices (govt loss)

PWA: Public Works Admin

work programs that builds bridges, roads, highways

Wagner Act

allowed unions to strike and use collective buragecny (CLO formed for unskilled workers)

FDR new ideas on government

signifcant depature from Hooevers “hands off” apporach and shifts to government involvement.

Legacy of the New Deal

supported letting economy stablize by itself and opposes large government efforts to effect change

american liberty leuage

consevation effts

DID NOT CURE DEPRESSION

In what ways and to what extent did FDR and his policies change the role and scope of federal government?

1. Federal gvt began regulating economy (direct relief programs)

2. Change role of govt to one of support for citizens

3. federal govt began regulating the banking system

4. SOCIAL REFORM STUGGLE (FDR not for soical reform or civil rights)

How did both communism and fascism use aspects of totalitarianism in their government?

Both used dictators allowed one political party and denied many individual rights

Germany during WW2

• Adolf Hitler

• Nazi Party (DICATOR)

• Promised to provide jobs and rebuild German Pride

• Ended civil rights, silenced enemies with threats, pit business underground control and employed people in work programs

• Built ONE PARTY GOVT

Italy during WW2

• Benito Mussolini

• Fascist Party

• Promised to solve the nation’s problems, strengthen Italy, end unemployment, and gain land for Italy

• use force and terror and gain control of Italy, ended free elections free speech an controlled press

Russia (USSR)

• Joseph Stalin

• commustim

• promised agricultural collectivism and rapid industrial establishing a centralized command economy

• Kept control through propaganda influencing people beliefs hiding the truth

Japan during WW2

• General Hideki Tojo

• Military domination

• determined to restore Japan to greatness, rid Japan of western traditions and gain foreign territories

• began military conquest for land causing tension in Asia

1933 London Economic Conference

coordinate an international response to the global depression but FDR didn’t want anything yo interfere with his own plans for recovery

Good Neighbor Policy (1933)

American would NOT interfere or intervene with Latin American countries. All Marines left Hatiti in 1934. America also realsed some control over cuba and panoma

Appeasement (1936)

In Europe dictators seize land. (not giving into on aggressor to avoid confict) THINK OF DR. SECUSS

Neutalirty Acts (1935, 37, 39)

illegal for Americans to sell arms at any country at war, banned loans to nations that where fighting, allowed trade byt prevented foreign entanglements by requiring warring nations to pay cash for nonmilitary goods and transport them in their ships.

Quarantine Sppech (1937)

Condemned Japan’s invasion of china and called for Japan to be quarantined. FDR backed off aggressive stance after criticism but it showed he was moving the country slowly out of isolation. his

Lend-Lease Act (1941)

allowed the slae or loands of war materials to any contry whose defense the president deems vital yo the defense of US (demoircacy)

Atlanstic Charter

pledge signed by FDR and Britsih prime minster (winston churchill) not to capture new territory as a result of ww2 and work for peace after war

Pearl Harbor (Dec 7th 1940)

The embargo US imposed on Japan in 1940 triggered an event. They offered to lift the embargo if Japan ended its war with China. Japan did not agree, and they continued to fight. Because of the embargo freezing oil trade Japanese bomber attacked Pearl Habor killing 2,304 people. Congress declared war on dec 11th

FDR day of infamy sppech details

FDR gave this speech on Dec 8th 1941 after Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. FDR was angry because the 2 nations where at peace with on another by Japan bombed. FDR urged Congress to declar war on Japan becuase the united states had a right to defend themselves when attacked.

How did America respond to Japanesse agression? What was the result?

US hoped strict access to special supplies (OIL) through embargo would stop fighting. However, tension grew between nations.

Why did Japan see Pearl Harbor as an easy target?

Japan could cripple or destory the US pacific fleet (all of their planes and ships) an easy target for them

What was the purpose of Japan bombing Pearl Harbor?

To elimiate the US pacific fleet, forcing the US to withdraw from southeast Asia

Why did the Japaneese not achieve their goal of destroying the US pacific fleet?

No american aircraft carrier were at peral harbor

How did the attack on Peal Harbor affect Public opinion?

Public opinion was in favor of US joining WW2

According to FDR how did Japan deceive America?

FDR said: “by false statements and expression of hope for continued peace”

What happens by 1940 with the war and Nazi Power?

More then 1/3 of Europe in under Nazi control

What did selective training and Service act?

• 1st peacetime draft

• men 18-25 aged are drafted to defend US-held territories

• 2/3 of Americans recruits haven’t fired a rifle

What is the date of Hitler invading USSR?

June 1941

What is the date of Pearl Harbor?

Dec 7, 1941

What is the date of Germany and italy declaring war on USA?

Dec 11th 1941

What happened Dec 22nd 1941?

Japanses land oon Balwi and go to the phillaphene Islands. Japan wants to make an empire to the pacficic

What happened April 8, 1942

Surrendeur of Bataan (major american defeat). Those left behind become prisonors of ar (flillopnos and americans)

What happened feb 19 1942?

Bataan isalnd is attacked by the Japaneese (in phillipanies)

What was the Death March?

• 68 mile march of filipino and american prisonaiors of war to walk to Japanseese Prision camp

• 5,000 Americans died

• 12,000 americans captured

What happened on June 4th 1942?

Turning point AKA MIDWAY

• navy battle lead by US admrial

• US is outnumber 2-1

• US wins by destorying an Japanseese aircraft by destroying an Japaneese aircraft carriers

• major US victory, us begans ISland hoping

What is ISland Hoping?

• offensive series of attacks where the USA tried to retake stragic islands using each as a stepping stone towards driving japaneese back to japan

• COSTLY batle and long seies of battles taking 3 years.

What is the League of Nations?

Created after the World War 1 for peaceful conflict resolution but failed to prevent WW2.

What was the United Nations?

Established post WW2 to promote peace, security, economic development and human rights

What is the General Assembly?

Main deliberative body where all members are represented. Makes reconudation but lacks enforcement power

What was the Manhattan Project?

(1942–1946) was a top-secret U.S. government program during WWII to develop the atomic bomb, led by scientist J. Robert Oppenheimer and General Leslie Groves, with major work done in Los Alamos, Oak Ridge, and Hanford.

What was the result of the Manhattan Project?

It resulted in the creation of two nuclear bombs—Little Boy and Fat Man—which were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, ending the war and ushering in the nuclear age.