ANIMAL NUTRITION - Chapter 4

Small Intestine

The primary site of carbohydrate digestion is in the lumen of the

one that cleaves α 1,4 bonds in a random fashion and other removes disaccharides units

There are two forms of amylase

mixture of glucose, maltose, and dextrins

end products of amylase digestion include

Dextrins

are acted upon by α 1,6 glucosidase.

Small Intestine

is the site of the digestion of carbohydrates in farm animals.

Dietary simple sugars

do not need to be digested, as they can be absorbed through the intestinal epithelium directly.

Glucose

The end product of carbohydrate digestion in monogastric animals is mainly

Monosaccharides

are absorbed both by simple diffusion and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent active transport.

sodium-dependent glucose transport protein

binds glucose and Na+ and transports them through the enterocyte and releases them in the cytosol.

Monogastric Animals

do not secrete enzymes that digest the complex carbohydrates

microbial fermentation in the rumen

Carbohydrate digestion in ruminant animals is through

VFA

are produced as a product of rumen fermentation and are absorbed through the rumen wall and are utilized by the animal as an energy source.

Acetic, Propionic and Butyric

The three major VFAs are

volatile fatty acids and some monosaccharides.

The end products of digestion in ruminants are

neonatal ruminant animal

has no ruminal bacterial population but from birth, it starts to pick up bacteria from the mother and environment, particularly through contact.

Solid Food

stimulate the growth and development of the rumen, particularly the growth of the papillae for absorption.

microbial cell masses, or microbial protein-synthesized VFA

The end products of rumen fermentation are

Cellulolytic

bacteria tend to produce more acetate

Amylolytic

bacteria produce more propionic acid

Rumen acidosis

occurs when animals are fed high-grain-rich diets or when animals are suddenly changed from pasture- or range-fed to feedlot conditions.