URI BIO 221 practical 2

Humerus

upper arm bone

Head (Humerus)

Smooth rounded proximal portion

Anatomical neck

Narrowing distal to head

Greater tubercle

Proximal

Lesser tubercle

Proximal

Intertubercular groove (bicipital)

Between 2 tubercles

Deltoid tuberosity

raised area on lateral surface of humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches

Olecranon fossa

Posterior, inferior

Capitulum

Distal, lateral smooth, rounded knuckle

Trochlea

Distal, medial, pointed knuckle

Medial and lateral epicondyle

Bony mass proximal to the capitulum and trochlea

Ulna

Medial forearm bone

Olecranon process

bony projection of the ulna at the elbow

Radial notch

Articulates with head of radius

Trochlear notch

Articulates with the trochlea from the humerus

Radius

Lateral forearm bone

Head (Radius)

Proximal end, looks like spool

Radial tuberosity

Proximal end

Ulnar notch

Distal end, articulates with ulna

Carpals

Two rows of 4. Some lovers try positions that they can't handle! Names lateral to medial, proximal row then distal row

Scaphoid

Looks like a boat or spoon

Lunate

Moon shaped

Triquetral

Triangular shaped, superman sign

Pisiform

Pea shaped

Femur

Longest bones in the body

Head (Femur)

Medial ball like structure that fits into the acetabulum

Tibia

Weight bearing bone on the medial side of the lower extremity

Patella

Knee caps, triangular in shape

Cervical vertebrae

7 bones numbered C1-C7

Atlas

C1, articulates occipital bone. No body & spinous process

Superior articular surfaces

Articular surfaces located on the superior aspect of vertebrae

Inferior articular surfaces

Articular surfaces located on the inferior aspect of vertebrae

Facet for odontoid process

Structure on the atlas that articulates with the odontoid process of the axis

Transverse process

Lateral projections from the vertebrae

Transverse foramina

Hole in transverse process

Vertebral foramen

Hole posterior to body

Pedicle

Connects body to transverse process

Lamina

Connect transverse process to spinous process

Axis

C2, inferior to atlas

Odontoid process (Dens)

Knob like process on superior surface of the axis

Spinous process

Most are bifid in cervical vertebrae

C3-C7

Cervical vertebrae with specific characteristics

Intervertebral foramina

Thoracic vertebrae

12 bones named T1-T12

Facets for ribs

lateral border for ribs 1 and 2

Articular facets for ribs (costal facets)

Located on the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae

Lumbar vertebrae

5 bones, named L1-L5

Body (Lumbar)

Larger body compared to other vertebrae

Spinous process (Lumbar)

Short and thick compared to other vertebrae

Sacrum

5 fused vertebrae in one bone, name S1-S5

Ala

Wings, formed by fused transverse processes

Sacral canal

Allows spinal nerve to pass

Medial sacral crest

Formed by fused spinous processes

Sacral foramina

Similar to intervertebral foramina

Coccyx

Often called the tailbone

True ribs

Ribs 1-7 with individual costal cartilage

False ribs

Ribs 8-12 that do not have individual cartilages but may share common costal cartilage

Floating ribs

Ribs 11-12 that do not attach to the sternum in any way

Head (superior and inferior articular facets)

Posterior portion that articulates with thoracic vertebrae

Neck

Just lateral to head

Tubercle

Articulates with transverse process of thoracic vertebrae

Body/Shaft

Curved main part of rib

Sternum

Anterior in thorax and made of 3 parts

Manubrium

Superior portion of sternum

Jugular notch

Superior depression on the manubrium

Clavicular notch

Superior/lateral depressions where clavicles articulate

Sternal angle

Transverse ridge on the anterior surface of sternum

Body

Lower 2/3 of bone, below sternal angle

Xiphoid process

Inferior process of sternum

Scapula

Two bones often called the shoulder blades

Acromion process

Lateral point of the shoulder, articulates with clavicle

Glenoid fossa or cavity

Shoulder 'socket'

Clavicle

Two bones that connect to sternum on either side

Os Coxa (innominate bone)

Hip bones that form anterior and lateral portions of girdle. 3 fused bones (ischium, ilium, pubis)

Acetabulum

Cup shaped cavity on lateral aspect of girdle, holds head of femur

Obturator foramen

Largest foramen, between ischium and pubis

Ilium

Superior portion of hip bone

Iliac crest

Superior border of ilium

Pubic symphysis

Cartilage between symphaseal surfaces

Occipital Bone

Posterior head, base of the skull

External occipital protuberance

The bump on the posterior side.

Occipital condyles

Articulate with the atlas

Foramen magnum

Large hole for the spinal cord to pass through

Frontal Bone

Forehead

Supraorbital margin

Ridge of bone above each eye

Supraorbital foramen

Hole above the supraorbital margin

Parietal Bones

Form part of the sidewall and roof of the cranium

Coronal suture

Junction between frontal bone and 2 parietal bones

Sagittal suture

Junction between 2 parietal bones

Squamous suture

Junction between temporal bone and parietal bones

Lambdoidal suture

Junction between 2 parietal bones and the occipital bone

Temporal Bones

Form part of the sidewall of cranium, the temple

External auditory meatus

Ear canal

Styloid process

Elongated, pin-like process on inferior side

Mastoid process

Large bony mass inferior and posterior to ear

Mandibular fossa

Articulates with the mandibular condyles on mandible

Zygomatic process

Projection of temporal bone

Sphenoid

Irregular bone on floor of cranium, looks like a 'bat'

Optic foramen (canal)

Hole for the optic nerve to pass through towards each eye

Sella turcica

Saddle like structure on superior surface (pituitary gland sits here)